European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

tCraniofacial anomalies (CFA) are a diverse group of deformities in the growth of the head and facial bones. Anomaly is a medical term meaning "irregularity" or "different from normal." These abnormalities are present at birth (congenital) and there are numerous variations. Some craniofacial anomalies are associated with anomalies elsewhere in the body, which can be serious. Cranio facial malformations include a variety of anomalies, including cleft lip with or without cleft palate, craniosynostosis, hemangioma, vascular malformation, and hemifacialmicrosomia. Congenital craniofacial abnormalities frequently require ophthalmic evaluation and surgical management. The term craniofacial anomalies include all congenital deformities of cranium and face. More specifically it refers to the deformities of the head that interfere with physical and mental well-being of an individual. It mainly deals with the understanding when, where and how the genes are expressed with specific pattern of morphogenesis.