Abstract

The research included the preparation of graphene oxide by Hummer and Modified Hummer method through a simple chemical reaction and in the presence of plant extracts, as the product was reduced by an aqueous extract of lemon peel, and the result was diagnosed using several techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) BET surface area, as the results of the (FT-IR) spectrum showed the appearance of oxygen groups in graphene oxide that were reduced into wafers. The results of XRD showed that the average crystal size of the prepared particles was 3.11nm, and the (SEM) showed that the prepared graphene minerals with enlargement strengths of 4.16μm and 41.6μm with diameters (1-10μm) had a large number of pores, and were in the form of transparent and thin plates And in a fluffy and folded shape, the results of the BET measurements indicated that the prepared graphene has a surface area of 169.16 m2 g / with an average pore diameter of about 3.58nm. In addition to studying some of the physical characteristics of graphene, such as the pH and the percentage of moisture, where the moisture content was (8.1%) and the pH was (7.1).