Abstract

Introduction: Anal canal diseases include different pathologic disorders that generate significant patient discomfort and disability. Although these are frequently encountered in general medical practice, they often receive only casual attention and temporary relief. 
Aim and Objective: This study was intended for a clinico-pathological analysis of different conditions with Clinical presentation and their clinical diagnostic and treatment modalities based on various demographic features and associated conditions.
Material and methods: The data were collected from under study population through a pretested and semi-structured schedule, which was designed in such a manner that more information regarding demographic profile, risk factors, morbidity and diagnosis could be collected.100 patients aged between 21to>50 were selected who were diagnosed as various Anal canal diseases in admitted and underwent surgical interventions during Nov 2020 to Oct 2021.
Results: Data related to objectives of the study were collected and analysed. Patients belonging to the age group 31-40 constituted the majority (33%). There was male predominance with (75%) male and (25%) female. According to related co-morbidities most of cases had Constipation (94%). hemorrhoids were the most common incidence of diagnosis 50%, anal fistula (18%), anal fissure (13%), Abscess (8%), anal polyp (2%) and patients have anal neoplastic (5%) condition which all were malignant and other various conditions. Most Anal canal diseases were revealed to type of management, majority of patients (41%) had hemorrhoidectomy, followed by (15%) patients had fistulectomy, (8%) had I&D, (6%) each had fistulectomy with hemorrhoids ligation and Lord's dilatation with hemorrhoids ligation, (2%) patients each had excision of polyp and Lord's stitching. 3% patients each had abdominoperineal resection and lateral sphincterotomy. (4%) patients each had lord's dilation with excision of sentinel tags and conservative management.
Conclusion: Anal canal disorders include a diverse group of pathologic conditions like hemorrhoids, anal fissure, fistula, perianal Abscess etc. Although non-operative management is often the initial treatment, surgical option always needs to be a component of the armamentarium for dealing with these diverse processes. Thus, surgeons need to be aware of the aspects of approaching the patient with anal pathology, as ultimate recovery and function depend on accurate and proper evaluation and management.