Abstract

Background:
     Overweight and obesity constitute a global pandemic with devastating consequences that affect >2 billion people. Obesity plays a central role in morbidity and mortality of diseases of multiple organs and systems, and it is a major contributor to the growing incidence of type 2 diabetes. There is now sufficient level of evidence for the association between overweight and type 2 diabetes, among which are the most common type 2 diabetes worldwide.  Obesity results from a combination of personal and societal factors, but is often viewed as a character flaw rather than a medical condition. This leads to stigma and discrimination towards obese individuals and decreases the likelihood of effective intervention. Conditions related to obesity are increasingly common, such as metabolic syndrome, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), all of which indicate high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, and excessive alcohol intake also account for the burden of type 2 diabetes by promoting obesity. The risk of specific type 2 diabetes is also directly influenced, regardless of the magnitude of adiposity, by physical inactivity, consumption of red meat, processed meat and ultra-processed foods, dairy products, alcohol, whole grain cereals, nuts, vegetables, and fruits. The study aimed: To assess the effect of obesity and its associated risk factors on patients with type 2 diabetes who attend in primary health care center in Makkah al-Mokarramah 2021. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity who registered in the chronic disease clinic attended diabetes centre in Makkah at Saudi Arabia in 2021. Our total participants were (300).Results: the total number of participants was 300 were males and female. The participants were classified into 3 age groups, most of them were (54.3%)in the <30 years fallowed by 39-50 years were(29.3%),  regarding gender of  participated male were (70.3%), follow by female were(29.7 %), type of treatment do you use for diabetes, results show a significant relation between BMI and what type of treatment do you use for diabetes, also complications from diabetes, results show a significant relation between BMI and complications from diabetes, Physical activities or exercise, results show a significant relation between BMI and Physical activities or exercise. Eating a portion of fruit, results a significant relation between BMI and Eating a portion of fruit, eating a portion of vegetables, results show a significant relation between BMI and Eating a portion of vegetables Conclusion: Obesity is a highly prevalent comorbidity in type 2 diabetic patients.  Some modifiable risk factors were identified. Multidisciplinary effort is warranted to reduce obesity among type 2 diabetic patients.  appears to be a better indicator of diabetic risk than BMI. The combination of a low-calorie diet, increased physical activity, and behavioral therapy as the first-line intervention for weight loss should be stressed for the effective management of T2diabetic patients.