Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally and comprises one of the most lethal groups of non-communicable disorders worldwide. The World Health Organization (World Health Organization) estimates that 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular disease (2018). Bypass procedures and blood vessel replacement using a graft are options that have high therapeutic value for coronary disorders.Small diameter (<6 mm) vascular grafts are used primarily in revascularization and reconstructive vascular surgical procedures. The most commonly used graft is an autologous vein or artery.This graft was used among 519,000 heart bypass operations performed annually in the United States, with an estimate of about 800,000 in the world (Baim, 2003). However, venous grafts in coronary bypass grafts become blocked over time due to accelerated atherosclerotic changes with a 10-year patency of 50%, postoperatively. There are several reasons for this, such as mismatch of adherence, thrombogenicity and poor hemodynamics. Differences in radius adjustment between the graft and native vessels at the site of the anastomosis compressed by suture inelasticity have been shown to cause luminal narrowing due to intimal hyperplasia. The ideal vascular graft should be non-thrombogenic, compatible with high blood flow rates, and have the same viscoelasticity as native vessels (Kannan et al., 2005). Therefore, the increased demands of small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) globally has forced the scientific society to explore alternative strategies utilizing the tissue engineering approaches. Therefore, the exploration of alternative vessel sources in  this regards must be performed. The aim of this investigation is to developed a small diameter (<6 mm) vascular graft from bovine mesenteric artery in combination with Endothelial Progenitor Cell (EPC) and Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) as a basis for the development of small diameter vascular grafts.This first preliminary report deals with how Scaffold which is derived from bovine mesenteric blood vessels (decellularized with  sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in distilled, deionized water) after tested its tensile strength could be seeded with Endothelial Progenitor Cell (EPC) combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC).