Abstract

Objectives: Urine cytology is an essential modality for the detection of urothelial neoplasia. It has various indications that generally fall in two principal groups: in the evaluation of patients with genitourinary symptoms, especially hematuria, and as a surveillance tool for patients with a history of bladder cancer. We undertook this study to evaluate the role of cytology in detection of urothelial carcinoma and to estimate the reliability of combined cystoscopy and urine cytology examination in cases of urinary bladder neoplasm
Materials and methods This  prospective, analytical study was conducted at a tertiary care superspeciality teaching hospital in Patna . Sixty patients with hematuria from urology outpatient department and indoor patient were included in the study.
Results: Of the 60 patients presenting with haematuria, cystoscopy findings were available for 48 cases. In 12 cases cystoscopy reports could not be obtained. In our study the commonest age group of patients presenting with haematuria was 60-69 years and more in males. All the cases with abnormal cytology had abnormal cystoscopic findings except one case, where although cystoscopy was normal, urine cytology was reported as category4 .There was low concordance between cystoscopy and cytology 
Conclusions: Urine cytology is still a useful test in detecting bladder cancers, despite its limitations of having low sensitivity. When used appropriately, cytology complements cystoscopy as they target different types of lesions.