Abstract

Background: Measurement of HbA2 in sickle cell illness is critical for distinguishing
between sickle cell anaemia (HbSS) and Hb S/0-thalassemia. The goal of the current
research is of assessing the magnitude of HbA2 among sufferers diagnosed with SC
hemoglobinopathy and also HbSS, with or without associated alpha thalassemia, with
the help of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
Methods: In the current retrospective study, 242 children belonging to the ages of two
to six years old who had HbSS or HbSC diagnosis were involved. The haemoglobin was
tested with the help of HPLC. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was instrumentalised
for detecting alpha thalassemia. Patients were categorised into three groups:
homozygous (3.7/3.7), heterozygous (3.7/), and homozygous wild-type (3.7/3.7). The
mean HbA2 values with alpha thalassemia were compared using variance analyses.
Results: The HbA2 concentrations in the HbSS group (n = 135) were 3.68 0.65 percent
on average (standard deviation). Individuals with HbSS who were heterozygous (n = 28)
or homozygous (n = 3) for alpha thalassemia had mean values of 3.98 and 4.73
respectively. The mean HbA2 of all HbSC sufferers (n = 107) was 4.01 0.507, with 4.29
0.41 percent heterozygous for alpha thalassemia (n = 23) and 4.91 0.22 percent
homozygous for alpha thalassemia (n = 7) respectively. HbA2 values were above 3.5
percent in all patients homozygous for alpha thalassemia. HbA2 values greater than 5.2
percent were seen in sufferers with HbSS and HbSC, regardless of the presence of alpha
thalassemia.
Conclusion: HbA2 levels are higher in patients with HbS or HbC, and alpha
thalassemia genotypes have a direct impact.