Abstract

Introduction: Pleural effusion is common in medical ICU (MICU) patientsand may
affect patient outcomes.
Objective:This study aimed to determine the prevalence, causes, and clinical
significance of pleural effusion in critically ill patients.
Methods: A total of 500 patients included in the present study. The patients initially
had pleural effusion or effusion developed during their ICU stay.
Results: Overall, 350 patients were males and 150 were females, and their mean age was
51.5±18.6 years. Pleural effusion was found to be exudates in 60% of cases and
transudates in 40%. Uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion was the most common
cause (18%), followed by heart failure (16%). The cause of pleural effusion did not
significantly affect the patient outcome or duration of ICU stay. No significant
reduction in duration of ICU stays or ICU mortality was seen in patients who received
therapeutic aspiration or tube drainage compared with patients who received no
specific management for effusion.
Conclusion: The commonest cause of pleural effusion in MICU is parapneumonic
effusion, and chest ultrasonography is the best method of fluid detection. Different
methods of management do not significantly affect patient outcomes.