European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Introduction: The incidence of maxillofacial fractures varies worldwide. The
information on epidemiological characteristics in association with the etiology and
incidence of injuries help in prevention and appropriate treatment of such injuries.
Purpose: Thus, the aim of this retrospective study was to describe the prevalence,
incidence, pattern, etiology, management of trauma cases at Shyam Shah Medical
College (S. S. M. C), in a span of 8 years.
Patients & Methods: The data collected included age, sex, date and month (seasonal
variations), etiology, site of fracture, associated injuries, treatment modalities used for
the management of maxillofacial trauma patients reporting in the Department of
Dentistry and emergency casualty department of S. S. M. C., Rewa from February 2013
till January 2021.
Results: A total of 892 cases depicted fractures of the facial skeleton. The mean age was
36 years. Though patients ranging from 4-75 years reported for treatment. Males
outnumbered females with a male: female ratio of 8:1. Injuries commonly occurred in
the 21-30 years age group. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most common
etiological factor in 631 patients followed by inter personal violence (IPV) in 147
patients. Mandibular fracture was the most frequently encountered fracture. The
seasonal variation showed the peak incidence of cases in the months of January and
December with 23.4 % of total patients. 15.13 % of the cases were managed
conservatively, 7.29% patients with debridement and soft tissue repair, while closed
reduction was used in 60.54 % of patients and 17.04 % were treated with surgical open
reduction and internal fixation. There was no serious complication in any of our patient
in the average follow up span of 6 months.
Conclusion: This study verified a young male predominance involved in maxillofacial
trauma. RTAs contributed as the major etiological factor. Thus, similar long-span multi
centric epidemiologic studies may help government and authorities to plan periodic
review of driving skills & strict implementation of traffic rules policies.