European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Background:Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory disorder involving the pilosebaceous unit. The
pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving four key factors with interrelated mechanisms: increased
sebum production, hyperkeratinization of the follicular infundibulum, inflammation, and
Cutibacterium acnes. Botulinum toxin (BoNT)is a potent neurotoxin protein derived from the
clostridium botulinum bacterium. It exerts its effect at the neuromuscular junction by inhibiting the
release of acetylcholine, which causes temporary chemical denervation. At the cellular level,
botulinum toxin functions by cleaving a synaptic protein (synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDA
[SNAP-25]) on the internal surface of neuronal membranes, thereby inhibiting vesicle fusion and
release of acetylcholine.