Abstract

A congenital heart disease (CHD) is a defect in the structure of the heart and great vessels
which is present at birth. Many types of CHD exist, most of which either obstruct blood flow in
the heart or vessels near it, or cause blood to flow through the heart in an abnormal pattern.
Other diseases, such as long QT syndrome, affect the heart's rhythm. CHDs are among the most
common birth defects and are the leading cause of birth defect-related deaths. Approximately 9
people in 1000 are born with CHD. Many diseases do not need treatment, but some complex
CHD require medication or surgery. Heart failure in children is a clinical and
pathophysiological syndrome that results from ventricular dysfunction, volume or pressure
overload, either alone or in combination. Salbutamol is generally given via pressurized metered
dose inhaler (pMDI) with a large volume spacer, this is a highly efficient delivery system and
ensures good delivery particularly to the small-sized to moderate-sized airways. However, it can
also be inhaled via a dry powder inhaler or nebuliser or given orally or intravenously Inhaled
furosemide affects the respiratory system by inhibiting the movement of chlorine through the
membrane of the epithelial cell , also increases the synthesis and release of the bronchodilators
prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the airway epithelium and prostacycline (PGI2) in the vascular
endothelium.