European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background & Aim: Most of the early kidney diseases do not represent any clinical symptoms therefore left undetected. Chronic kidney disease is characteristically identified by usual testing of blood serum. Advanced cases of chronic kidney disease also manifest with some peculiar symptoms fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, metallic taste, inadvertent weight loss. This study was conducted to compare and correlate various clinical parameters in chronic kidney disease patients with or without hemodialysis.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a year time on 80 chronic kidney disease patients. 45 male and 35 female patients in the age range of 30 to 50 years were studied in detail. Parameters and factors associated to chronic kidney disease were considered; Serum Cholesterol, Triglycerides, High Density Lipoproteins, Low Density Lipoproteins, Albumin (urine), Creatinine. Albumin is a type of proteins seen in blood normally. Group 1 patients consisted of 40 patients who underwent hemodialysis procedure. Group 2 patients consisted of 40 patients those have not undergone hemodialysis procedure. All data was forwarded for statistical analysis for further investigation and interpretations. P value less than 0.05 was taken as significant.
Statistical Analysis & Results: Statistical analysis was done by using software statistical package for the Social Sciences In group 1, mean Serum Cholesterol level was 179.41 (mg/dl) while mean Triglycerides level was 133.26 (mg/dl). P value was highly significant (0.01) for Serum Cholesterol level. In group 2, the mean Serum Cholesterol level was 201.41 (mg/dl) while mean Triglycerides level was 165.36 (mg/dl). P value was highly significant (0.02) for Serum Cholesterol level. Mean Albumin and mean Creatinine was 29.22 and 1.44 respectively. One-way ANOVA analysis of both study groups revealed highly significant p value.
Conclusion: Authors concluded that chronic kidney disease patients without hemodialysis exhibit deleterious discrepancies of tested lipid parameters (Dyslipidemia). Nevertheless, Albumin and Creatinine levels are also increased in chronic kidney disease patients (without hemodialysis). Accordingly chronic kidney disease patients without hemodialysis are at higher risk of possibility of blocked arteries and other related dilemmas.

Background: Hypomagnesemia, hypokalaemia, and hyponatremia are the common serum electrolyte abnormalities seen in chronic congestive heart failure. The present study was conducted to assess serum magnesium levels in chronic heart failure patients.
Materials & Methods: 90 chronic heart failure patients of both genderswere divided into two groups. Group I were patients with normal magnesium levels (>2mEq/L) and group II patients with low magnesium levels (≤ 2 mEq/L).
Results: Out of 90 patients, males were 50 and females were 40. The mean BMI in group I was 25.1 kg/m² and in group II was 27.5 kg/m². The mean SBP was 122.4 mm Hg in group I and 134.6 mm Hg in group II. DBP was 70 mm Hg in group I and 82.4 mm Hg in group II. There were 8 diabetes in group I and 21 in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). The mean LVEF in group I was 35.6% and in group II was 36.7%. The serum potassium was 4.3 mEq/L in group I and 4.1 mEq/L in group II. Serum creatinine was 1.8 mg/dL in group I and 1.2 mg/dL in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Chronic heart failure patients had low serum magnesium level. Low serum magnesium levels were predictor of deranged cardiac & biochemical profile seen in chronic heart failure patients

Background and Objectives: To study the clinical manifestation, laboratory and radiological findings pertaining to Dengue fever. To obtain the sociodemographic profile of patients. To evaluate the clinical features observed in dengue patients. To carry of comparative study of clinical features with the laboratory and radiological findings in dengue patients

Background:Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder, which occurs only in pregnant women during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and is associated with raised blood pressure and proteinuria. It rarely presents before 20 weeks of gestation like in hydatidformmole.Eclampsia is a syndrome with one or more episodes of convulsions in association with preeclampsia .In India, the national incidence of hypertensive disorders   is 15.2%,with incidence in nulliparous women being four times greater than in multipara.With severe renal involvement, glomerular filtration may be impaired and the plasma creatinine concentration may begin to  rise.Elevated uric acid is another component of the preeclampsia. Although hyperuricemia does correlate with maternal morbidity, there is an even stronger association of uric acid with the risk for small birth weight infants and with overall foetal mortality. The hyperuricemia of preeclampsia has been variably suggested to be associated with lactic acidosis, altered renal functions or oxidative stress.AIM: To Study and compare renal function tests in Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia with normal healthy pregnant women and assess the ante-partum severity in both the diseases.
Materials and Methods: Study was conducted on 70 pregnant women admitted with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and 35 normal pregnancy patients in between 19-26 yrs of age in third trimester of pregnancy.
Results: There is a increase in Diastolic blood pressure in mild pre-eclampsia and significant increase in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsiapatientswhen compared to controlsThere is a increase in serum uric acid in mild pre-eclampsia and significant increase in all parameters insevere pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patientswhen compared to control.
Conclusion: There is a derangement of parameters of RFT in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia.But there was no significant elevation in mild pre-eclampsia.Persistant Renal parameter that  increased was Uric acid. These can be taken as a predictor of the disease.

Background: Standard assessment of renal function in pregnancy is by measurement of
serum creatinine concentration yet normal gestational ranges have not been established.
The aim of this systematic review was to define the difference in serum creatinine in a
healthy pregnancy compared with concentrations in non-pregnant women to facilitate
identification of abnormal kidney function in pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 70 pregnant women. Out of which
35 women were pregnancy induced hypertensive and 35 were normal pregnant women.
Results: The result showed significantly high blood pressure (SBP-197.21±21.7 VS
187.28±8.69, DBP 124.36±9.41 VS 99.2±6.28) and Blood urea (42.31 ±7.81 mg% VS
41.30±9.29 mg%), serum creatinine (3.45 ±1.19 mg% VS 3.18±1.38 mg%), serum uric
acid level (9.89±3.16 mg% VS 7.34±0.9 mg%) in pregnancy induced hypertensive
women compares to normal pregnant women. In the present study, in pre-eclampsia,
there is elevation of serum uric acid and serum creatinine elevated values are
statistically significant.
Conclusion: There is a renal derangement of parameters in preeclampsia so it may be
advised to renal function test to confirm involvement of renal dysfunctions.
Measurement of renal function Test could be used as a biochemical indicator in
pregnancy induced hypertensive women.

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of serum iron, total iron
binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation and serum ferritin in diagnosed cases of
chronic kidney disease due to any aetiology not undergoing dialysis. Study also aimed to
determine the correlation between serum creatinine and serum iron levels in chronic
kidney disease in this group of patients.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the city of Dibrugarh and
which also included patients belonging to adjoining districts of Upper Assam from 20th
October 2018 to 19th October 2019 for a period of 1 year. A clinico-hematological study
was undertaken to evaluate the levels of serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC),
transferrin saturation and serum ferritin in diagnosed cases of chronic kidney disease
(not on dialysis) due to any aetiology. Study included 110 old and newly diagnosed cases
of CKD attending the out–patient department not on dialysis. A cut-off off Hemoglobin
<13 g/dl in men and <12 g/dl in women was used to make the diagnosis of anemia.
Results: Prevalence of anemia among CKD cases was observed as 74.6% with Hb level
<6 gm% was observed in 6.4% cases. Normocytic normochromic picture was observed
in 53.6% cases. Decreased level of serum iron, ferritin, TIBC and transferrin saturation
was seen in 99.1%, 16.4%, 52.75 and 78.2% cases respectively. Mean levels of
haemoglobin, RBC and iron indices (except for TIBC levels) decreased significantly
with increase in the CKD stage. A significant positive correlation was observed between
eGFR levels with haemoglobin and iron indices (except TIBC) while an inverse
correlation was observed with creatinine levels.
Conclusion: Anemia among Pre dialysis-CKD cases is mostly normocytic and moderate
in severity. Functional iron deficiency was the predominant form of iron deficiency in
these patients. Both hemoglobin and other iron indices worsens with progressive loss of
kidney functions.

With the help of clinical and biochemical tests, we will evaluate the relative benefits of Terlipressin in combination with albumin against albumin alone for treating hepatorenal syndrome. The eighty patients were divided evenly. Albumin was the sole treatment for Group 1, whereas Terlipressin was added to the mix for Group 2. The information was analysed with IBM SPSS 20. The tables were made using a combination of a frequency distribution and a cross-tabulation. The data is presented with a mean, standard deviation, and median (minimum–maximum). Student's t and Mann–Whitney tests were employed to compare continuous variables. “Analyzing categorical data with the Pearson Chi square and Fisher's exact test Less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The non-significant p value of 0.79 reveals no difference in etiology distribution between treatments. With the exception of SGOT (p = 0.002), which was lower in the Terlipressin + albumin treatment group (61.89± 47.83) than albumin alone, total bilirubin, SGPT, INR, and serum albumin were all the same in both groups (96.80±109.30). Terlipressin and albumin reduced serum creatinine. Serum creatinine dropped 50.14 percent (1.73 ± 1.49) from day 1 (3.47 ±1.68) to day 5. Albumin patients fell 9.33%. Serum creatinine decreased in the albumin group (p = 0.237)”. Every measure, with the exception of SGOT, which was much lower in the Terlipressin plus albumin treatment group and may indicate a better safety profile, was equivalent in both groups, including total bilirubin, SGPT, INR, and serum albumin. Blood creatinine levels upon admission and on day five revealed that patients who took Terlipressin with albumin fared better in terms of their health and biochemistry.

To research the short-term and long-term effect of coronary artery stenting on renal function. In patients with coronary heart disease within 3 months after endovascular revascularization-preserving renal dysfunction, despite the normalization of creatinine concentration.

The study explores theory of relativity of acid levels with nephritic function, moreover as its role as a prognostic marker of cardio tube risk in chronic excretory organ diseases within the course of variable regression analysis, taking into consideration the adjustment of potential risk issues, the amount of uric acid was found to be a major factor influencing calculable capillary vessel filtration rate. The results of this study showed that elevated humor uric acid levels are related to the next risk of kidney malfunction.