European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Sarcopenia is a reduction in the rate, strength, and function of skeletal muscle mass that occurs mainly during aging, reduced physical activity, inflammation, and, or as a result of oxidative stress. C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF), procollagen type 3 N-terminal peptide (P3NT), and myostatin circulate biomarkers in elderly people associated with skeletal mass. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is also a circulating inflammation marker that contributes to the release of hs-CRP and alpha1 antichymotrypsin (AACT).
The objective of Research: To define the differences between certain biomarkers in the sarcopenic subject, the study compared the findings with those of the non-sarcopenic subject that may support awareness of the sarcopenia principles.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 170 participants living in Basra city. The weight (kilogram)/height (meter) 2 equation was used in the BMI calculation. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and calcium were estimated by a fully automated biochemistry analyzer using enzymatic methods. VLDL-cholesterol was tallied by using the Fridwald equation. Vitamin D, IL-6, myostatin, CAF, P3NT, AACT, and hs-CRP were measured by a fully automated ELISA analyzer.
Results: current study parameters included (BMI, total cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, IL-6, myostatin, CAF, P3NT, AACT, and hs-CRP) ) in the sarcopenic subject showed more than the control subject with significantly higher changes (P<0.01)., whereas the parameters included (HDL-cholesterol, calcium, and vitamin D) were demonstrated in sarcopenia group less than 
a control group with significantly higher changes (P<0.01). BMI had a direct correlation with total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL- cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, IL-6, myostatin, CAF, P3NT, AACT, and hs-CRP, with highly significant (P < 0.01). BMI had an inverse correlation with HDL-cholesterol, calcium, and vitamin D, with highly statistic changes (P <0.01).
Conclusions: A findings of the study revealed that obesity serves as a health risk for sarcopenia in elderly adults. High blood levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, myostatin, CAF, P3NT, IL-6 AACT, and hs-CRP in blood circulation raise the risk for sarcopenia in the elderly. Decrease concentrations of vitamin D, calcium, and HDL-cholesterol increase the opportunity for the elderly to have sarcopenia.

Trichuris spp. Nematodes were isolated from slaughtered sheep in the South Regions of Iraq
/ Basrah. The diagnosis and description were based on morphological characteristics. Two
species of Тrichuris were found, T. ovis and T. globulosa. While T.оvis was most common, Т.
globulosa was relatively rare among the infested animals. Male and female nematodes were
recognized as Trichuris spp. morphologically; however, only one male was identified as T.
globulosa. The species of Trichuris spp. were distinguished through their biometrical
features such as presence of cylindrical spicular sheath, protrusive vulva, length of the
spicule, as well as the proximal and distal cloacal tube. Moreover, diagnosis of Trichuris
species was confirmed by the nomenclatural acts as it has been recorded in the registration
system of the Iraqi Natural History Research Center when a certain deposit number for
Trichuris spp.: INHM.2020Nem.1.1. They were noting the presence of Trichuris spp. as such
the samples of nematodes were deposited in the helminth collection at the Museum of the
University of Baghdad. This repository is considered as the confirmation of the diagnosis and
morphological analysis.