European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Diabetes mellitus regardless of the type, its associated complications and the tendency to inherit the condition due to genetic reasons have affected world wide and is increasing at a rapid pace. Although there are effective ways to manage this condition, none of them stops the progressive decline of the beta cell functioning. The existing treatment modalities only delays the complications. Pancreatic islet transplantation have been promising with patients being insulin independent for initial few years post transplant, but over the period of time they restart their daily insulin injections. Even though stem cell therapy for diabetes is currently being investigated, its recent progress has been assuring one. Stem cell therapy does not face risk like graft rejection requiring immunosuppression or complications associated with the procedure and post transplant unlike the pancreatic islet transplantation, since they can withdrawn from the diabetic patient and injected back, thus eliminating issues like lack of donors. This review shows the potential of hematopoeitic stem cell and mesenchymal stem cell therapy as a good alternative approach in treating diabetes.

Stem cells harvested from exfoliated deciduous teeth are a type of mesenchymal cells, serving its main purpose for regenerative treatment. They have lots of clinical applications. They are studied for their distinct proliferative properties. It helps in regeneration of tissues in the site of an injury and also helps in reducing the healing time of an injury. It also serves as the research interest for many because of its easy source of availability, extensive regenerative capacity and multiple lineage properties. This article is in the narrative format of previous research articles on stem cells exfoliated from deciduous teeth, which discusses various complex procedures associated with SHED - like extraction, isolation, post extraction and banking of it mentioned from other articles as well. SHED has a lot of branches to be studied and understood deeply. So that they can be implemented for many human uses. It is used for future as well as diagnosis.

Ewing sarcoma is the second most frequent primary tumor of bone, preferentially occurring in children and adolescents. Despite significant improvements have been achieved in localized tumors thanks to dose intensification of chemotherapy, outcome of patients with metastasis at diagnosis remains grim. In addition, even in the most favorable situations, patients must face with important side effects which significantly impact their quality of life. Either scientific and patient communities are now very sensitive on the need of new drugs, which may reduce chemotherapy toxicity while maintaining effectiveness of current regimens. We present here a new engeneered human bivalent single chain fragment variable diabody (C7 scFv diabody) directed against CD99, a transmembrane protein whose high expression characterizes Ewing sarcoma. The triggering of CD99 with C7scFv diabody induces rapid and massive Ewing sarcoma cell death through MDM2 ubiquitination and p53 reactivation. Accordingly, the most CD99-responsive Ewing sarcoma cells have transcriptional active p53 and greatly benefit from MDM2 degradation. CD99 triggering also potentiates the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo and reactivates p53 to a much greater degree, which in turn markedly increased expression of pro-apoptosis genes. Evaluation of Ki-67 labelling and apoptosis rate by TUNEL confirms the efficacy of the treatment in xenografts.