European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Housewives group of people who take care of the household and under some amount of stress without time for a regular dental check-up or proper oral hygiene practices and with the possibilities of having oral habits such as teeth grinding, nail biting, tooth pick usage, etc as a form of stress release.
Objectives:
To assess the oral hygiene practices, oral habits and dental health seeking behaviour among housewives at SAF Games village residential colony in Chennai city.
Materials and methods:
A cross sectional study using a self-developed questionnaire was conducted to assess the oral hygiene practices, oral habits and dental health seeking behaviour among housewives at SAF Games village residential colony in Chennai city.
Results:
Moderate level of awareness on effective oral hygiene practices was observed in most of the participants. 4 to 25 % of the participants were having oral habits such teeth grinding, nail biting and tooth pick usage. The dental health seeking behaviour was problem driven rather than preventive driven.
Conclusion:
It was concluded that housewives need to be educated on oral hygiene measures including flossing and mouthwash usage and need to undergo comprehensive oral and general examination to assess the full extent of oral health status and treatment needs. They need to be educated on the importance of preventive health care.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate parents’ and caregivers’ knowledge and perception of the use of fluoridated toothpaste, as well as the importance of their involvement in the child’s oral hygiene practices, and the amount of fluoridated toothpaste dispensed. A self-developed questionnaire was distributed to 388 parents/ caregivers.
Results: Low levels of perception and knowledge were observed in a high percentage of the participants. About 51% of the parents were unsure whether the toothpaste was fluoridated, and 87% were unaware of the fluoride concentration. Furthermore, 42% of parents never got involved in tooth brushing, 13% brush their children's teeth by themselves, and only 4.9% check their child's teeth after brushing. Almost 86% of children reported rinsing after brushing, while 3.1% spit without rinsing, and 4.9% of the participants were unsure. Mothers have higher knowledge and perception levels compared to fathers.
Conclusion: Even though parents are involved in their children’s toothbrushing, they do not know how much toothpaste should be dispensed for each specific age. Such findings suggest that there is a lack of awareness of proper guidelines for the selection and usage of toothpastes in children. Parents should be motivated to supervise and assist their children’s brushing using the proper toothpaste appropriate for their age

As a result of the Coronavirus pandemic and the rapid, growing use of digital media and smartphones, opportunities for using various digital applications have increased tremendously. Effective communication is a key factor in bridging a link between the patients and professionals, with the basic triad of proliferation of modes, speed of communication and reflexivity of knowledge, which serves as a base for better comprehension.
The success of media is reliant upon the following main goal: message received by target group, allowing for change in the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of people to behave accordingly.

Aim: Purpose of the present research was to assess the co-relation between covid-19 and periodontal disease.
Methodology: A case-control study was conducted amongst 150 participants. Patients who had positive real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were included in the case group (n = 79), and patients with negative results were included in the control group (n = 71). The periodontal examination involved recording the plaque scores, calculus scores, tooth mobility, gingival bleeding, probing depth, recession, and clinical attachment level (CAL).
Results: Logistic regression analysis showed significant associations of mean plaque scores ≥ 1 (odds ratio (OR), 7.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.83 to 26.94), gingivitis (OR, 17.65; 95% CI, 5.95 to 52.37), mean CAL ≥ 2 mm (OR, 8.46; 95% CI, 3.47 to 20.63), and severe periodontitis (OR, 11.75; 95% CI, 3.89 to 35.49) with COVID-19; these findings were more prevalent in the case group.
Conclusion: Based on the above mentioned observations, it can be concluded that there is an association between periodontitis severity and COVID-19. Gingival bleeding and dental plaque accumulation are also more frequent among COVID-19 patients. Hence, it is essential to maintain periodontal health and good oral hygiene as an important measure for COVID-19 prevention and management.

Back ground of the study: There was a dearth of published literature that demonstrates the impact and effectiveness of school based oral health education (OHE) program in karad Taluka. A vital component of overall health and life quality is oral health. To reduce the cost of the disease prevention and control of the plague, gum disease and maintained oral hygiene. The knowledge regarding oral health was used in school going students.
Materials and method: A study was conducted on 30 samples. The samples were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique. Data collection about oral hygiene was done by using self-structured questionnaire before and after the intervention with teaching on oral hygiene by conventional method.

Objective: The state of one's mouth and dentition has a huge effect on one's life. As a result, everyone should strive for a safe mouth with a full complement of teeth. Toothbrush and toothpaste are the most regularly used oral hygiene tools. Apart from these two, people utilize other oral hygiene products either knowingly or on the recommendation of a dentist. while tooth powders are also used as a regular cleaning agent in some parts of the world, owing to their low cost. Literature on this subject is practically non-existent. As a result, it was deemed necessary to investigate the effectiveness of tooth powders in comparison to toothpastes as an oral hygiene regimen.
Materials and Methods:  A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted through a self administered questionnaire. The data was gathered, summarized in excel sheets, and analysed with SPSS software. The Chi square test was performed to examine the age of the participants as well as their preference for toothpaste or tooth powder in the general population of South India with statistical significance of P< 0.05.
Results and Discussion: Toothpaste was the most preferred and commonly used cleaning aid when evaluated among all the age groups. The correlation showed a p value of <0.05 which was statistically significant.
Conclusion: From this study it is concluded that the general population of south India prefer toothpaste over tooth powder and they are also aware of the pros and cons of both toothpaste and tooth powder

Background: Oral health conditions are major public health concern affecting individual’s quality of life. This study was conducted to assess type of oral and dental morbidities in patients visiting a general outpatient department (GOPD) of a tertiary care hospital and study factors associated with these morbidities.
Methods: Cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted among 400 adult patients with oral morbidities or dental morbidities, aged 18-49 years, attending a GOPD in a metropolitan city from September 2017 to September 2019.Simple random sampling was done.
Results: Majority of the participants belonged to 36-49 years of age and were males. Lesions of oral cavity were seen in 10.3% and dental morbidities were present in 92% study participants. Male sex, residence in urban area and addiction history were significantly associated with presence of oral morbidities. Perceived state of teeth and gums, frequency of cleaning teeth, cigarette smoking in the last six months were significantly associated with oral morbidities (p<0.05).
Conclusion: There is need for continued awareness regarding prevention of caries and periodontal disease with emphasis on diet and dental floss.

Background: Oral health is a part of general health and hence, has a direct bearing on the total well-being of individuals. Knowledge of oral health status and treatment needs of populations with different characteristics is important for developing appropriate preventive approaches.
Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between oral hygiene with socioeconomic status among 15 years old school going children of Lucknow city. Materials &
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The schools were selected by simple random sampling method following the lottery method of selection. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index with Kuppuswamy’s socioeconomic status scale has been used. Results: As socio-economic status decreases; mean OHI-S increases. Comparing the mean OHI-S between different SES groups, ANOVA revealed significantly different OHI-S among the groups (F=38.84, p<0.001). Conclusion: The mean scores of OHI-S revealed a significant relation with socio-economic status. It was reported that as the socioeconomic status decreased, oral hygiene status of the children deteriorated.

Caries can have a significant impact not only on the condition of the dentition, but also on general somatic health in general. As a result of the progression of caries, the occurrence of pain can lead to a decrease in the child's ability and unwillingness to drink, chew, there is a restriction in the choice of foods (sour fruits and vegetables, solid food), loss
of appetite. Malnutrition can lead to weight loss, iron deficiency, and stunted growth and physical development

Oil pulling is a traditional therapy rehearsed in old India. It is accepted to treat more than thirty systemic diseases when rehearsed routinely and as coordinated. Because of event of results to present day medications and oral hygiene products, individuals are progressively pulled in towards reciprocal and conventional practices. Oil pulling notwithstanding offering a few oral and medical advantages has likewise gainful consequences for by and large wellbeing. The current article endeavors to review and describe this antiquated practice.

Aim: Aim of our research was to evaluate the amount of stress as well as performance pressure on the oral hygiene in our study participants.
Methodology: Survey was conducted in 200 patients who had reported to various private clinics over a period of 6 months. Questionnaire was given having 12 questions, which helped us assess their stress levels related to their oral hygiene status. Descriptive analysis was carried out with the data received from the study participants.
Results: Maximum participants had moderate stress levels (47%), whereas around 34 % experienced oral health problems. 67% were conscious about their appearance, and their smile. Only 14 % went for regular dental check-ups, which further shows less awareness for preventive care.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that individuals with greater perceived stress also report poorer oral health. These findings may warrant greater attention be paid to the role of psychological stress in the development of oral disease.

Oral Health Care is considered as fundamental component of Primary Health Care. It provides potency to essential medicinal services conveyance system with the aid of making an investment in prevention and deducting avoidable dots as a consequence enacting a significant tool for native health. Oral wellbeing influence one's general wellbeing and enhanced person's satisfaction. Investigations have been done which have accomplished to discover more methods to draw in families and sufferers making them accessible to oral health care measures. A movement named National Oral Health Care programme aims to provide accessible, low cost and eminent oral health care considerations to every single person nationwide. Innovations with the aid of health care professionals and oral health maintenance team have been performed to reduce health care expenditure with excellent care.
For such innovations we need to boom our investment for primary health care training programmes for practitioners. Impact should be made on those population which are considered special that is having maternal and child groups. There is a remarkable work force to overcome the threats of oral health diseases. The need of this hour is to listen to the voice of the patients and families who have the epitome of oral diseases. Inclusion of oral health examination in routine medical health check-up will be of great help for the longevity of the people.

Background:Oral lesions and pathologies are increasingly affecting significant patient population due to inadequate dietary habits and adaptation of western culture (changing lifestyle conditions). Hence; the present study was undertake for assessing the association between oral health and hygiene practices and oral cancer.
Materials & methods:A total of 200 patients with confirmed histopathologic diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 200 healthy controls were enrolled. Complete demographic details of all the patients were recorded separately. A questionnaire was made and detailed data in relation to subject’s oral hygiene practices was recorded. Mouth mirror and probe was used for assessing the oral health status. Periodontal index and plaque index were used for evaluating the periodontal status.
Results:Presence of gum bleeding and periodontal pathologies weresignificant risk factor for occurrence of OSCC. Seventy six patients of the OSCC group and 134 patients of the control group did mouth wash daily. Thirty four patients of the OSCC group and 147 patients of the control group had complete dental check up every six months.
Conclusion:A strong association exists between oral health and oral hygiene practices and occurrence of oral cancer.