European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging category of nanomaterials in the carbon family. There are different inexpensive and renewable resources that can be used to synthesize green CDs, which include received immense consideration from researchers because of their improved aqueous solubility, high biocompatibility, and eco-friendly nature compared with chemically derived CDs. Additional surface passivation is not necessary as heteroatoms be present on the surface of green CDs in the form of amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl, or thiol functional groups, which be able to improve their physicochemical properties, quantum yield, and the probability of visible light absorption. Green CDs boast potential applications in the fields of bioimaging, drug/gene delivery systems, catalysis, and sensing. While their discovery, there have been several review articles that describe the synthesis of green CDs and some of their applications. Nevertheless, there are no review articles describing the synthesis and complete applications of green CDs. Here, we provide detailed information concerning their synthesis and applications based on the available literature. In addition, we discuss a number of the less explored applications of green CDs and the challenges that continue to be overcome.

The current research examines the biological manufacture of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)
utilizing Bacillus thuringiensis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test was used to
determine the inhibitory concentration of AgNO3 against Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus
subtilis. By using a green synthesis approach, silver nanoparticles were effectively manufactured
from Bacillus thuringiensis. UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray
diffraction (XRD), and FTIR were used to characterize the Ag NPs in detail. The absorption peak
was located at 420 nm using UV-visible spectroscopy. The SEM pictures demonstrate the presence
of spherical silver nanoparticles in the sample. The silver nanoparticles are crystalline in nature, as
evidenced by the FT-IR peak at 518 cm-1 matching to the Ag vibration seen in crystalline structure.
Finally, the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was tested using the spread plate
technique, and it was discovered that silver nanoparticles are more effective against S. aureus and
B. subtilis than E. coli.

The current research examines the biological manufacture of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)
utilizing Bacillus thuringiensis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test was used to
determine the inhibitory concentration of AgNO3 against Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus
subtilis. By using a green synthesis approach, silver nanoparticles were effectively manufactured
from Bacillus thuringiensis. UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray
diffraction (XRD), and FTIR were used to characterize the Ag NPs in detail. The absorption peak
was located at 420 nm using UV-visible spectroscopy. The SEM pictures demonstrate the presence
of spherical silver nanoparticles in the sample. The silver nanoparticles are crystalline in nature, as
evidenced by the FT-IR peak at 518 cm-1 matching to the Ag vibration seen in crystalline structure.
Finally, the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was tested using the spread plate
technique, and it was discovered that silver nanoparticles are more effective against S. aureus and
B. subtilis than E. coli.

Nanotechnology has rapidly made its way into various areas of science. Nano dentistry refers to the use of nanotechnology for diagnosing, treating and preventing oral and dental diseases. The field of nanotechnology has a great potential. Nano dentistry facilitates faster and to the point, accurate diagnosis. It enhances the properties of dental materials, which facilitates excellent handling properties and makes the material more durable. A systematic search strategy was employed and articles were found using keywords. Literature was taken from databases like PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles that discussed Nanotechnology and Nanodentistry were included. Other articles which had data regarding the applications were also included.A total of about 70 articles were collected initially. Multiple articles were added later from other sources. After eliminating articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, more than 30 studies were finally obtained. This review summarized the use of Nanodentistry. The applications and future scope were also discussed in detail.

Nanotechnology is considered to be an upcoming technology. Nanotechnology in the field of dentistry helps in diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Nanotechnology incorporates the usage of nanoparticles less than 100 nm. The usage of nanoparticles in restorative materials has increased the quality and life of dental restorations resulting in better oral care and hygiene. The technology helps in modifying the existing restorative material in terms of physical, chemical and biological aspects to improve their quality. Nanotechnology uses nanoparticles which are synthesized naturally from plants and chemically. The usage of specific nanoparticles is based on the properties and cytotoxic actions. Conventional GIC (Glass Ionomer Cement) and composites have been modified and improved in numerous ways by the addition of different nanoparticles. The restorative materials with nanoparticles currently used are nanocomposites, nano glass ionomers, nano adhesives and endodontic sealers. Nanotechnology is paving the way for recent advances in nanomaterials innovations. The advances of nanoparticles are helping the future of dentistry and production of new developments of materials with high quality. The main drawback faced in using nanoparticles is the toxicity produced by the nanoparticles but the demand for nano based dental material preparation has increased so there is a need for new nanomaterials. The review article provides an overview of the advancement of nanotechnology in restorative dentistry.