European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Chitosan and its variations, have been used in a variety of scientific domains. Becauseof its unique physicochemical, biological, ecological, and physiologicalcharacteristics, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, stability in the naturalenvironment, non-toxicity, high biological activity, affordability, chelating of metalions, and high sorption properties, chitosan is used in a variety of biomedical andindustrial processes. The structure is more intriguing because of the reactivity of theamino and hydroxyl groups, which has a variety of uses in dentistry, biotechnology,biosensing, cosmetics, water treatment, and agriculture. Drug delivery, tissueengineering, wound healing, regenerative medicine, blood anticoagulation, andengineering of bone, tendon, or blood vessels are a few of these uses. The presentarticle includes fresh research-based information about the role of chitosan in maintainance of gingival and periodontal health

Background: Despite the vast experience of treating burns in surgery, a large number of victims become disabled; therefore they represent a serious medical and social problem.
Methods: The study included 120 white outbred male rats, which were simulated an experimental 3-degree topical burn and were divided into 4 groups according to the type of treatment substance. The burn was simulated by immersing the depilated skin area in boiling water. Studies of wound healing were carried out in three series, respectively, on the third, seventh and tenth days.
Results: We found that the local application of chitosan derivatives at an early stage leads to healing of the wound defect in rats in our experimental model. This was associated with a decrease in endogenous intoxication, lipoperoxidation, and internucleosomal degradation compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Thermal damage is accompanied by increased internucleosomal skin degradation. Compared with levomecol, chitosan derivatives more effectively reduce the degree of internucleosomal degradation, especially on the 10th day of the experiment.

Eugenol is a phenylpropanoid group compound found in cloves, nutmeg,
cinnamon, and bay leaves. Apart from being used as a cosmetic, perfume, and food
ingredient, eugenol is known to have an antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and
anti-cancer profile. Eugenol has therapeutic potential by increasing reactive oxygen
species formation, decreasing anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, increasing the release of
cytochrome c that leads to apoptosis in cancer cells, and inhibit the epithelial to
mesenchymal transition (EMT) process that could reduce the cell ability to migrating.
We synthesized eugenol loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Nano-EU) by ionic gelation
method to overcome its shortcoming which is volatile and to increase its bioavailability.
The nanoparticles were characterized by using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS).
Anticancer activity of Nano-EU was investigatedin cervical cancer HeLa cell line by flow
cytometry using Annexin-V/PI staining, and by measuring cleaved-caspase-3 protein
expression which is the executor of the apoptosis process by immunofluorescence.
The results of the study evidenced that Nano-EU inducing apoptosis and increasing
activated caspase-3 expression in HeLa cells. Nano-EU could also inhibit cell migration by
reducing vimentin and Snail as mesenchymal markers leading to inhibition of the EMT
process. Further research is still needed to investigate the anticancer potential of Nano-EU
in HeLa cells to in vivo and clinical studies.

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate and compare the antifungal efficacy of low molecular weight chitosan and nystatin by their inhibitory action on candida biofilm formation on Triplex heat cure denture base after 7 days and 14 days. Materials and Methods: A total of 10 specimens were fabricated using the Triplex heat cure PMMA acrylic resin by the conventional compression molding technique.Candida albicans biofilm was allowed to form over a period of 72 hours on all the specimens after pre-treatment with artificial saliva. Two groups of 5 specimens each were established. Group A was treated with low molecular weight chitosan suspension and group B was treated with nystatin suspension, both on the 4th day after biofilm formation. The treated specimens were now stored in a yeast nitrogen base broth medium to complete the time period of 7 days for initial maturation of the biofilm. The CFU count of candida colonies was recorded on the 7th day in both the groups.

Background: The tooth extraction process will always cause tissue damage, both hard tissue and soft tissue such as bleeding, pain, edema, and hard tissue such as loss of alveolar ridge volume after extraction. Substitutes for biological components have developed in increasing alveolar bone volume by using bone grafts. Chitosan can be used as an option. Addition of collagen membrane to post-extraction wounds can increase and protect the formation of initial blood clots to the root surface. Collagen membrane is a type of resorb able membrane that is often used. The function of this collagen membrane is increasing and maintaining blood clots and acting as scaffold for cell adhesion and growth. Purpose: To determine whether the use of collagen membranes does not slow down the chitosan adsorption speed of 150-355 μm in group O blood or not. Methods:There were chitosan samples measuring 150-355 μm were divided into two groups, namely control group, 7 samples for chitosan with gauze and 7 samples of the treatment group for chitosan with collagen membrane. Dip it in 75 ml of blood. Measurements of group O blood adsorption velocity in each group were seen for 10 minutes. Result: The result was analyzed statistically by using Mann-Whitney test with level of significance lower than 0.05 (Sig<0.05). There was significant difference between the control group and the treated group. Conclusion: There is a slowing of adsorption rate of blood type O on chitosan with membrane collagen.

Food preservation has always been a concern for the secured quality of the food products. Of suggested many antimicrobial agents reported, the chitosan blend with bacteriocin based food packaging formulation for the preservation purpose solely depends upon the synergistic effect of both the molecules. The durability, resistance to the foodborne pathogens, external environmental factors such as pH, temperature, and changes in chemical properties makes chitosan more effective packaging material for the preservation of the food. The papaya preservation at room and refrigerated temperature showed that the preservation at refrigerated conditions showed more effectiveness. The chitosan and nisin based film showed no or less moisture content, water-solubility, no difference in antioxidant properties of the papaya fruit and was able to inhibit the microbial load due to its combine antimicrobial properties.

There is a promising potential for nanoparticles in developing controlled and guided drug delivery systems. The most effective formulations are currently considered to be chitosan based nanoparticles; biocompatible, biodegradable, less toxic and simple to use in preparations. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer and has many advantages that can easily be used to achieve the ideal drug delivery mechanism. It is licensed and classified in General Safe (GRAS) by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). In the current study, chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Rifampicin were prepared and published in-house. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was coated and further characterized using effective in-vitro methods. The research also included the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters. The findings were confirmatory and can be used to increase the accumulation of medicines.