European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

To determine various factors contributing to the complication related to CT guided lung biopsy. MATERIALS & METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2020 to October 2021. Total of 34 patients who had suspected radiological lung masses were included in the study. Histological sample were collected through co-axial system of core needle biopsy. Various factors affecting complication was assessed against patient showing complication.RESULTS:Total of 6 (17.65%) post-procedural complications were noted in study which include pneumothorax and lung contusion. Multiple risk factors affecting the rate of complication were considered like predisposed emphysema, depth of the lesion, angle of insertion of biopsy needle, gauze size of the needle used and repeatability of the procedure. “Depth of the lesion” was best predictor of complications at cut-off point of >1.1 cm. CONCLUSION: This study is an attempt to evaluate the factors contributing to the safety and complications of core needle CT guided lung biopsy. One must should keep in mind these factors to procure uncomplicated procedure

Background: Arterio-venous fistula is the preferred type of vascular access in patients requiring hemodialysis. (1-3) They have longer patency with low complication rates as compared to grafts. Still arteriovenous fistulas surgery can give rise to various complications
Objectives: this study was done to evaluate the various complications, early as well as late, arising from the arteriovenous fistula surgery.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted over a span of 3 years from October 2019 to October 2022 comprising of 284 patients of chronic kidney disease who were on regular hemodialysis underwent surgery to create end to side radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula formation for vascular access.
Results: out of 284 patients 22(7.74%) patients required reoperation. Thrombosis with failure of AV fistula requiring reoperation was seen in 19(6.69%) patients. Reoperation for bleeding, Aneurysm and ischemic steal syndrome was seen in 1 patient each.
Conclusion: Thrombosis with loss of AV fistula is the most common complication requiring reoperation after Radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula surgery for vascular access in patients on hemodialysis.

Acute pesticide poisoning has become major public health problem world-wide. Among pesticides organo-phosphorous compounds have become a boon to farmers to control pest and insects affecting plants and crops, and also the widespread use and easy availability of this toxic substances have resulted in many cases of accidental  and  suicidal poisoning. The aim is to find out demographic social and clinical profile which will help to reduce the risk of poisoning Aim & Objective: 1. To study incidence, clinical, social and demographic profile of organophosphorus poisoning patients. 2. To study the complication and outcome of organophosphorus poisoning patients. Methods: Study design:  Cross sectional Observational Study. Study setting: Medicine ward of tertiary care center. Study duration: From 01/01/2019 to 30/06/2020. Study population: The study population included all the cases with OP poisoning admitted at a tertiary care center.  Sample size: 107 Results: Most common age of presentation was 21-30 years with 52(48.60%) patients followed by 31-40 years 19(17.76%) patients. There were 78(72.9%) patients were male and the rest 29(27.1%) were female. Male: Female ratio was 2.69:1. A large no. of study patients were having Social and domestic problems 42(39.25%) followed by patients with other reasons like alcohol abuse, Chronic illnesses, Psychiatric disorders, Failure in examination etc in 20(18.69%). Most common mode of the poisoning was suicidal in 80.37% of the study patients followed by accidental in 15.89% cases. There were 3.4% case of homicidal OP poisoning. Most common symptom of the presentation was Excessive salivation in 77 (71.96%) followed by Nausea/ Vomiting 61(57.01%),while 43.93% patients were having breathlessness. Among different signs present in the study patients miosis was the most common 55(51.40%) followed by fasciculations 51(47.66%), bradycardia 48(44.86%), increased bronchial secretions 29(27.1%), neck muscle weakness in 28(26.17%). Oro nasal frothing was present in 9.35% of the study patients. Respiratory failure developed in 6(5.61%), 4 (3.74%) each suffered from Aspiration pneumonia and Circulatory collapse. Out of 107 study patients 93(86.92%) were alive after the treatment was given while rest 14(13.08%) succumbed to death. Conclusion: Our study outlines the various demographic groups susceptible to organophosphorus poisoning and the various factors responsible. Our study also highlights the importance of early presentation, reflected by our comparatively lower mortality rate. Health education of farmers and agricultural labourers is important for reducing incidents of poisoning.

Introduction: PCNL is most common procedure for renal calculi. Safety of PCNL puncture is very important to avoid complications. Also it should be the best target calyx punctured in best possible direction through the kidney parenchyma. Usually supracostal puncture is done at full expiration for fear of chest complications.
Method: Retrospective analysis of 300 cases of supracostal puncture done at deep inspiration is done in this study.
Results: It has shown similar complication rates like any other approach, Chest tube insertion in 1%, blood transfusion rates of 6.3%, similar length of hospital stay of average 2.02 days. Early chest tube insertion when chest complication is suspected is found to give early recovery. Conclusion:  Precautions to be taken are: Remain in lateral  part of intercostal space, remain just at superior border of lower rib and initial direction of needle to be kept vertically downwards till it passes well beyond the rib.

Background: Tobacco is one of the deadliest public health threats to humankind, killing more than eight million people a year globally. Combined with COVID-19, smoking is even more lethal, in which smoked tobacco damage the lungs tissue and reduces its function drastically. So, comparing to a non-smoker the smoker has more chance of developing severe COVID-19 infection and related complications.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center of Chamarajanagar District. All Adult patients who attended the study settings with previous history of Covid 19 infection and history of smoking was administered a pre-tested semi structured questionnaire after meeting inclusion criteria. The questionnaire was structured into 4 parts to meet the expected objectives. The data obtained was entered into MS Excel and analysed.
Results: The study included 103 participants; out of which 65% belongs to the age group of more than 40 years. Majority of the study subjects were literate and semi-skilled workers which comprise 58% & 64% respectively. 81% of the study subjects were not vaccinated at the time of infection, but in contrast 97% were vaccinated at the time of interview. Majority of the subjects are current smokers (73%), and many of them prefers Beedis to smoke. A proportion of 44% are smokers for more than 15 years and half of total smokers are thinking it has ill effects on health. The major symptoms identified in our study were fever, cough & body ache.
Conclusion: Cause effect analysis shows direct relationship between number of cigarettes smoked per day and number of days require for institutional care during infection. This leads to the necessity to quit smoked tobacco products as soon as possible in high-risk individuals for better health outcome

Background: Caesarean section or caesarean delivery is defined as the birth of a fetus through incisions in the abdominal wall (Laparotomy) and the uterine wall (Hysterotomy). This definition does not include removal of the fetus from the abdominal cavity in the case of rupture of uterus or in case of an abdominal pregnancy. Caesarean section can be considered one the earliest forms of modern birth technology Aim & Objective: 1.To study the maternal morbidity, mortality, perinatal outcome in patients, undergoing elective and emergency C-section. 2.To compare the maternal morbidity, mortality, perinatal outcome in patients, undergoing elective and emergency Csection. Method: Study design: Prospective study. Study setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at tertiary care centre. Study duration:……..Study population: The study population included all the women undergoing elective c-section and emergency c-section. Sample size: Results: In Group A: 44% of patients are in the age group of 18-24years and in Group B: 74% of patients are in the age group of 18-24years. A statistically significant value of P=0.01, is obtained suggesting most of the patients undergoing C-section (elective/emergency) are in age group of 18-24years. Strongly significant (P value: P<0.01). The most common risk factor is Previous LSCS. 14(28%) patients had previous LSCS in Group A (Elective C-Section) and 7(14%) patients had previous LSCS in Group B (Emergency C-Section). From the above graph, it can be observed that the patients with risk factor of Previous LSCS are more common with Elective C-Section group compared to Emergency C-Section group. Post-operative complications in Caesarean section were more in Emergency Caesarean Section when compared to Elective caesarean section. PPH is the most common in Emergency group when compared to Elective group. Wound infection is the 2nd most common complication in Emergency group. Conclusions: The factors associated with caesarean section are age, parity, multiple pregnancy, maternal weight gain, and birth weight. Including these factors, the caesarean section is justified under certain circumstances such as cephalo pelvic disproportion and contracted pelvis, dystocia due to soft parts, inadequate uterine forces, antepartum hemorrhage, pre- eclamptic toxemia, eclampsia, fetal distress and prolapse of the cord, malpresentation, maternal distresses such as heart problems, bad obstetric history, habitual intrauterine death of the fetus and elderly primigravida.

Background: Hysterectomyare mostlycommon performed in the gynecological procedure for clinical problem in its treatments includes fibroids, prolapse, adenomyosis, endometriosos. Hysterectomy is performed worldwide in women at 30- 55 years of age. Aim and objectives to indicate the diagnosis to performed hysterectomy in patients and complications associated undergoing hysterectomy.
Methods: Total 255 patients undergone hysterectomy in the hospital was studied and analysed it clinical indications of surgery and complication of it, surgical specimens were sent for histopathology and report.
Results: The study shows thathysterectomy was performed in the major diagnosis of uterine prolapse (33.50%), leiomyoma (45.50%), adenomyosis (12.50%) while the report specimens also showed it. The diagnosis before the hysterectomy was confirmed by histopathology. There was no major complications were observed in the patients undergoing hysterectomy as this procedure is widely used for gynecological problems.
Conclusions: The study shows the data of patients’ trends of the hysterectomy and diagnosis that leads to perform hysterectomy was analyzed by histopathological finding in the patients. Complications were negligible in the hysterectomy and safe procedure

Background: Bipolar vessel sealing systems (BVSS) are accepted to be safe and efficacious
with possible advantages over conventional methods, namely fewer requirement of postoperative
analgesics, less blood loss, shorter operative time and minimum hospital stay.
Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety between use of BiClamp (Bipolar
Coagulation Forceps) in Vaginal Hysterectomy and Conventional Vaginal Hysterectomy.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done among 80 cases indicating
hysterectomy for benign diseases admitted in OBGY unit were selected randomly out of
which 40 cases underwent Conventional Vaginal Hysterectomy and 40 cases underwent
BiClamp Vaginal Hysterectomy at department of obstetrics & Gynecology in Government
medical college and hospital, Latur during November 2012 to September 2014.
Results: Mean duration of hospital stay required for participants of cases and control group
was 2.6 days and 4.2 days respectively (p<0.05). Mean duration of operation of cases and
control group participants was 70.9 min and 75.5 min respectively (p<0.05). Mean blood loss
during operation noted among the cases and control group participants was 90.1 ml and 115.9
ml respectively (p<0.05). During operation, three suture material required in in 0.0%
participants of cases group and 82.5% of control group respectively (p<0.05). Post- op
complications like fever, bladder injury, bowel injury & hemorrhage noted only in
participants of control group.
Conclusion: BiClamp Vaginal Hysterectomy post-operative pain was less, intraoperative
blood loss was less, operative time was significantly shorter, duration of hospital stay was
less and BiClamp Vaginal Hysterectomy was more Cost effective than the Conventional
Vaginal Hysterectomy

The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the side effects and complication associated with Bupivacaine alone and Bupivacaine + clonidine. All patients received injection rantidine 50mg IV and injection ondansetron 4mg IV and injection GPL 0.2mg IM half an hour before the procedure. After securing a suitable peripheral vein, all patients were administered 500ml of lactate ringers solution.
Result: Onset of sensory blockade was in the range of 121-180 seconds in majority of patients (n=36, 60%) in group I and (n=40, 66.67%) in group II. The difference in mean onset of analgesia among both the groups was statistically insignificant (P>0.05), indicating that addition of clonidine had not shortened the onset of sensory blockade.The difference in mean onset of motor blockade among both the groups was insignificant statistically (P>0.05) indicating that addition of clonidine had not shortened the onset of motor blockade.
Conclusion: Intrathecal clonidine with bupivacaine 0.5% heavy produces excellent surgical analgesia and an extended analgesia in postoperative period. Clonidine treated patients were sedated and comfortable throughout the surgical procedure, thus avoidance of any other medication.

Background: Incisional hernia continues to be one of the common post-operative complication of
abdominal surgery. Newer techniques have been added for hernia repair including prosthetic mesh repair
and the laparoscopic repair, which have been reported to produce better results. This study aimed to
compare on-lay mesh repair and retro-rectus mesh placement.
Material and Methodology: The current study was a prospective study conducted in the Department of
General Surgery, J.L.N. Medical College & Attached Group of Hospital, Ajmerwith an aim to evaluate
and compare the efficacy of on-lay mesh repair and retro-rectus mesh placement for repair of incisional
hernia in terms of VAS score for pain post-operatively, to compare the duration of the surgery, hospital
stay between the two repair techniques and to compare the early and late complications between the two
repair techniques on a total 50 patients (25 patients of onlay and 25 patients for retrorectus repair).
Results: There is significant lower complication i.e. blood loss, pain, seroma formation, surgical duct
infection, sinus formation and recurrence in sublay mesh repair and blood loss is also significantly lower,
while operative time and blood loss during surgery is higher in comparison to onlay mesh placement.
Conclusion: In our study there are significant lower complication in sublay repair than onlay repair.
Thus, proved the sublay repair a better approach for the ventral hernia repair than the onlay repair.

Background: Bruxism was generally deliberated as a contraindication for oral implanting. The fundamental relationship amid bruxism and dental implant failure has remained debatable in current literatures

Abstract. The presence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) significantly
worsens the prognosis and course of the underlying disease. So in patients with diabetes
mellitus (DM) and CAN, the mortality rate for 5 years is five times higher compared to
patients without this complication. Due to the fact that CAN is closely associated with
cardiovascular pathology, many authors consider CAN as a significant factor in
cardiovascular risk. Purpose. To establish clinical, functional and metabolic changes in
diabetic autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy in children with type 1 diabetes. Materials and
methods research. The total number of patients studied by us was 114 children with type 1
diabetes mellitus aged 4 to 18 years. We conducted laboratory and instrumental research
methods. Laboratory methods: general clinical research (general analysis of blood and urine,
studies of blood sugar), biochemical methods (total blood protein, bilirubin, cholesterol,
triglycerides, creatinine, urea, electrolytes, glycated hemoglobin), 24-hour heart rate
monitoring with circadian index estimation was used and parameters of time and frequency
analysis of heart rate variability. Conclusion diabetic autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy in
children with type 1 diabetes is characterized by the development of tachyarrhythmic rhythm
disturbances, as well as the formation of rigidity of the heart rhythm and a decrease in the
sensitivity of the sinus node to parasympathetic influences according to a temporary analysis
of daily monitoring of heart rhythm.