European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Aim: The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of moderate intensity exercises on P-300 component of event related potential during different menstrual phases in young obese and non-obese women of Bihar.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at Patna Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India, on young normally menstruating women with normal auditory capability of age group 18–35 years, BMI (Normal =18-24.9 kg/m² and Obese>25 kg/m²)according to the WHO criteria and without any major chronic illness and neurocognitive deficit. The ethical approval for this study was obtained from Institutional Ethical Committee.
Results: It is evident from the study that the participants were mostly in the age group of 19–21 years. BMI of the normal subjects was mostly in between 19.4 and 22.13. BMI of the obese subjects was mostly in between 25.4 and 30.13. Waist–hip ratio (WHR) of the subjects was mostly little above normal range (normal being <0.8). Observation showed that most of the subjects perceived physical activity as light to extremely light except for a few subjects. The amplitude and latencies of P300 ERP in obese and non-obese showed no significant difference at resting state (pre-exercise) during early follicular and mid-luteal phases. The amplitude of P300 ERP displayed no significant change in post-exercise session in comparison to pre-exercise session in both phases among obese and non-obese subjects. However, P300 latency showed significant decrease in post-exercise session when recorded at Cz (P = 0.024, P = 0.05) as well as Pz position (P = 0.03, P = 0.003) in both phases of menstrual cycle among both groups. However, P300 latency recorded at Fz position displayed no significant change in post-exercise session in comparison to pre-exercise session in nonobese and obese persons during both phases of menstrual cycle.

Background: A special study design known as the frontal assessment battery (FAB) was developed to evaluate frontal lobe impairment. Numerous researchers have used the FAB test to evaluate the integrity of the frontal lobe because Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequently linked to difficulties with cognitive and other higher mental functions. The Mini Mental State Examination of Folstein (MMSE), on the other hand, is another regularly used test used to evaluate mental status; however, because it does not only examine frontal brain functioning, its validity has been questioned in PD.
Material and Methods: The goal of the current study was to compare the FAB test with the MMSE scale and see whether the test could be applied to Indian patients.
Results and Conclusions:The FAB test was found to correspond with the patient's age and educational level. Despite the fact that the MMSE research is not regarded as a test that can only evaluate the condition of the frontal lobe, the results also correlated with that study's findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to be conducted in India.

Vitamin D is also known as calciferol because of its role in calcium metabolism and antirachitic factor because it prevents rickets. It is a modified steroid, synthesised in the skin under the influence of sunlight and is necessary for metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Its RDA is 400 IU or 10 mg, it binds to the receptor of target cells and regulate through gene expression. Vitamin D undergoes hydroxylation in the liver to form 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) vitamin D]. The two main forms are vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). The main source of vitamin D in humans is in the form of vitamin D3, which is derived from synthesis in the skin via exposure of 7- dehydrocholesterol, concentrated in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum, to ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation. Vitamin D2 is obtained from the diet, and is derived from ultraviolet irradiation of ergosterol, found in fungi. Both metabolites are transported in the blood bound to vitamin D binding protein (DBP). These inactive vitamin D metabolites must undergo a two-step hydroxylation process to become biologically active. Initially, vitamin D2 and D3 undergo hydroxylation in the maternal liver, via the action of vitamin D 25-hydroxylase enzyme (CYP27A1), to form the inactive steroid precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D). 25[OH]D is the major circulating and stored form of vitamin D. In this present review we have focused on need of vitamin D beyond bone.

The purpose of the research: to determine the clinical effectiveness of complex
therapy with cholinealfoscerate drugs as a supplement to standard therapy in patients in
the acute period of ischemic stroke of hemisphere localization. Materials and methods:
Sixty patients with acute cerebral stroke were examined, with an average age of 56+_ to
4.38. The main methods of the study were the collection of complaints and history, analysis
of medical records, assessment of somatic and neurological status, paraclinical research
methods (MRI), study of cognitive functions. The examination of patients was carried out
during the acute period of stroke and repeated after 3 months. The results have been
processed statistically. Results.The study revealed that the use of drugs of the group
cholinealphoszerate in the acute phase of stroke and in the next 2 months has a beneficial
effect not only on the restoration of motor and sensitive neurological deficits, improved
cardiac activity, but also reduces the incidence of early post-stroke dementia (high
confidence) and reduces the severity of clinical manifestations of lung and moderate
cognitive disorders. Conclusions. For the comprehensive correction of the manifestations
of ACCD and the prevention of post-stroke dementia, as well as reducing the progression
of cognitive disorders, stroke patients should recommend the use of drugs
chodinoalfoscerat (Cerepro) (in a dose of 2000mg/day intravenous drip for 5 days, then
1000mg/day intravenous5 days, then 1 restorative tablet 2 times a day (800mg/day) - 2
months) from the first days of stroke and in the early period.

vast majority of India’s population (58%), depends on agriculture for their livelihood and a vital part of our agricultural production technology constitutes of Pesticide use. According to a international report in 2013 " India is the largest producer of pesticides in Asia and ranks 12th worldwide for application of pesticides”. In India ,Maharashtra has been the biggest consumer of pesticides in the last 5 years
Indian agricultural community belongs to the unorganized sector; hence they receive quite little in terms of healthcare and social security. They thus are very vulnerable to loss of income and unavailability of healthcare, despite belonging to an occupation which involves numerous hazardous possibilities.
Chronic exposure to organophosphate pesticides is associated with a multitude of ill health outcomes including polyneuropathy, dermatitis, behavioral changes, glucose intolerance & cancer .The Nervous system in particular in more sensitive to the Organophosphate pesticides, so monitoring of chronically exposed people may help prevent the onset of future neurodegenerative diseases.
The aim of this study is to assess changes in levels of Acetyl cholinesterase levels due chronic pesticide exposure, evaluate cognitive function and depression among farmers 
chronically exposed to organophosphorus compounds, and determine the association between them.
Using standardized questionaries, data will be collected about personal habits, work practices, awareness of pesticide exposure adverse effects and among individuals living in area of study, involved in agriculture repeatedly in direct contact with pesticides. Blood samples to assess biomarker (cholinesterase) will be taken and cognitive function and depression assessment will be done using MMSE tool and PHQ-9 / Beck’s inventory.
Data collected over study period will be analyzed and appropriate statistical tests will be used to determine results and draw relevant conclusions.