European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

In India prevalence of thalassemia ranges between 3-18%, particularly in certain communities like sindhi, Lohanas, gouda, etc. Regular blood transfusion with chelation is the main treatment since most patients cannot afford bone marrow transplants. Growth failure is the major complication in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia major (TM) children even after giving chelation.
Aim & objectives: To study anthropometric measurements in TM children.
To study the correlation of growth failure with pretransfusion hemoglobin (PTHB) and serum ferritin levels.
Material and methods: TM children on deferasirox for at least five years were included in the study. weight, height, and BMI were measured and z scores of less than 2 were taken as underweight, stunted, and thin respectively. Z- scores were correlated with pretransfusion hemoglobin and serum ferritin. children having pretransfusion hemoglobin between 9-10.5 gm/dl was taken as adequately transfused. Growth parameters were also compared between adequately and inadequately transfused children.
Results: 36(56%) were Underweight (weight z score below 2),28(43%) children had stunting (Height z score below 2) and according to BMI 24(36%) (BMI z score below 2) children were classified as thin. All the stunted children were in the 6-8 age group. correlation for PTHB with height for age z-score was positive and significant (spearman’s r=0.345, p=0.005), with weight for age z score was positive but insignificant and with BMI was negative and insignificant. Corelation of serum ferritin with height for age z score and weight for age z score was positive but insignificant and with BMI was negative and insignificant.
Conclusion: Growth failure in children with thalassemia major requiring regular blood transfusions, in first decade is possibly due to inadequate transfusion rather than inadequate chelation. It is recommended to maintain pretransfusion haemoglobin in range of 9-10.5gm/dl to reduce the severity of growth failure.

Introduction: Stature estimation by analyzing skeletal remains or body parts is an essential part of human identification. One critical role of stature estimation today lies in the forensic identification of crime victims and missing persons. Femur, being the longest and strongest bone in the body, plays a crucial role while estimating stature of an individual. In this study, we tested a new approach to predict the stature of a person by measuring the femur length.
Material and methods:Our study was conducted on 200 medical students (100 males and 100 females) between age group of 18-25 years from Government Medical College, Jammu and Government Dental College, Jammu, with an aim of obtaining regression formulae for estimation of stature of males and females, from maximum femur length.
Results: It was observed that femur length showed statistically significant correlation with stature in both the groups (p<0.001). Regression equations specific to geographical (Jammu and Kashmir) population were statistically analyzed for femur lengths in males (r=0.620) and females (r=0.602) and significantly proved reliable in estimating the living stature of an individual.
Conclusion: In our study, the mean stature value of males was higher than that of females contributing to the inference that males are generally taller than females. Thus proving that length of femur can be used as a reliable predictor for estimating living height of an individual.

An important factor in determining whether a specific low birth weight neonate
is preterm or has growth retardation is the estimated gestational age. So, this study was an
attempt to determine the correlation between anthropometric parameters of newborns with a
period of gestational age.
Material and Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was done among 200
consecutive live births delivered at tertiary care centre. The anthropometric parameters like
birth weight, length, foot length, head circumference, chest circumference, mid upper arm
circumference were recorded and analysed with gestational age using correlation and
regression analysis.
Results: At p value of 0.05, the neonatal anthropometric measures showed a positive
correlation with GA in completed weeks. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that
Birth weight, length and head circumference had significant linear relationship and the
regression equation derived as follows: GA = [41.325 + 1.603 (𝐵𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)] +
0.125 (𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ) − 0.437 (𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒).
Conclusion: The anthropometric parameters had a positive correlation with gestational age
and there was an increase in all parameters of birth weight, length, head circumference, chest
circumference, foot length, and MUAC with respect to gestational age. So, these
measurements can be used as a better screening tool for the assessment of prematurity in low
resource settings.

School-going age is full of challenges when it comes to growth and puberty. Anthropometric measurements including body mass index (BMI) remain the most popular methods to assess the nutritional status of children. On the other hand, body image is a complex term and includes how we perceive, think, and act toward our bodies. This study was undertaken to determine the association between body image perception and nutritional status in students of independent schools. 
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 402 students of the middle and secondary stage (class 6-12) attending independent schools in Dehradun, India. An interview method was used to collect the data on their body image followed by a physical examination and nutritional assessment.
Results: 63.18% of students (n=254) were having normal BMI, 2.24% (n=9) were underweight, 26.62% (n=107) were overweight and 7.96% (n=32) were found to be obese. 25.62% (n=103) of students had an accurate perception of their body image when compared to their BMI. On the contrary, 74.38% (n=299) of students were observed with inaccurate perceptions of their current height and body weight. 
Conclusion:In this present study, we could conclude that the majority of the students were not aware of their current weight and height. Also, the majority had a false perception of their body image as compared to their weight/ BMI. 

Background: In a densely populate, demographically diverse and vast country like India, the identity establishment of a dead person assumes great medico-legal importance. It also poses a true challenge to the forensic pathologist working in an environment where decomposition and taphonomic process are highly rapid and variable. One of the important pillars for identification is the stature. The estimation of age, sex and stature are vital for skeletal samples, when found from sites in mixed lot. So, a technique is urgently needed for reconstruction of total length of long bones from their fragments. This investigation was designed to estimate the total length of ulnas using its fragmentary bone length in a population specific study. In addition to this, the goal was to deploy them in stature formulae for population specific cases and lastly to estimate the stature of the individual.
Materials and Methods: After getting institutional ethical committee clearance, the study over 50 Ulna Bone revealed linear equation where total length of ulna was used as dependent variable and the different fragmentary length being the independent variables.
Results: The measurements of both sides (left and right) were grouped and noted separately but the results were pooled to obtain the regression equation. This was done because no significant difference in measurement between the left and right side in the sample of 50 ulna bones. The following Regression Equation was obtained:-
TOTAL LENGTH OF ULNA = 3.85+ 4.53QR +0.71ST +1.81PQ+0.32 TU
R SQUARED VALUE = 0.97.
Conclusion: This study was a preliminary work and a pilot project for estimating the regression equation to reconstruct the total length of ulna from its fragmentary lengths in a population specific sample (Eastern Indian population). Being population specific, it can be applied in disputed cases of identification of mutilated and fragmentary human remains of that geographic region and can be of immense help in future, especially for the law enforcement agencies in the case of mass disasters.

Introduction: Stature is the height of a person in the upright posture. In the identification of unknown human remains, stature estimation may be done from human or skeletal remains in which other methods of identification are not possible in the primary investigation. Several studies had been done to correlate relationship of a person’s height to the odontometric parameters.
 
Aim: To estimate stature using odontometric measurement of distance between right and left second premolars of mandible
 
Materials and methods: The sample size chosen for the study was 60, which included 30 females and 30 males. After obtaining informed  consent intermandibular distance of right and left 2nd premolar  was measured using a digital vernier calliper and the height of subjects was measured using standard height measuring frame. The measurement was tabulated and linear regression equation was calculated using SPSS software.

Introduction: Stature is a useful anthropometric parameter which is used to identify the bodily uniqueness of the person. Anthropometry is a basic tool in anthropology based on biological aspect. By knowing the length of anthropometric parameters we can estimate the stature of an individual. Stature estimation is useful for developing anthropometric databases. This technique helps in estimating the stature from bone length of unidentified body parts during mass disaster, accidents and also it help in identifying the victim in murder cases. The main task in forensic science is to identify an individual. Stature estimation is useful for identifying individuals in forensic science. The aim of this research study was to evaluate the stature from upper arm length in undergraduate student’s residents.

INTRODUCTION
Cephalometry is used for classification of sex and race of a person whose identity is not known. Skull is most important reliable bone for sex differentiation Cranial index also referred to as cephalic index is measured to categorize head shapes. The cephalic index is ratio of the maximum width divided by its maximum length multiplied by 100.
 
AIM
To verify if cephalic index can be used for sexual dimorphism.
 
MATERIALS AND METHOD
A group of 60 individuals were selected: 30 males and 30 females. After getting informed consent measurements were taken with the help of spreading calipers. All measurements were taken by a single observer to avoid error, three values were recorded and the average value were taken as the main value. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and related samples Wilcoxon signed rank test was done
 
RESULT
Wilcoxon signed rank test was done, the p value was 0.192 (p>0.05). So, it is statistically not significant, hence sexual dimorphism cannot be determined using head circumference
 
CONCLUSION
Cephalic index is a very useful parameter for various anthropometric studies, from the present study we conclude that the Cephalic index is not reliable parameter for sexual dimorphism.

Background: Childhood cancer survivors may face growth impairment due to late effects of childhood cancer therapies. Present study was aimed to study the impact of various modalities of treatment on growth of children with malignancy.
Material and Methods: Present study was Prospective observational hospital-based study, conducted in children between age group 1-18 years, diagnosed with Haematological malignancy or any solid tumour and are on treatment/follow-up in Pediatric hematoncology unit, at least on 4 occasions (4-6 months apart).
Results: Out of 45 children, 30 (66.7%) were boys, mean age of the children enrolled was 5.4 ± 3.684 years. 29 (64.4%) had Leukaemia, 31 (68.8%) received only chemotherapy, 12 (26.6%) received surgery and chemotherapy, 10 received radiotherapy and chemotherapy (22.2%) and 8 (17.8%) of them received all 3 modes of treatment. Among 29 children with leukaemia, there was significant weight gain as well as increase in height at each follow up compared to baseline.  There was no statistically significant gain in weight or height in children with lymphoma at all 3 follow ups. In children with solid organ tumor significant weight gain is observed at each follow up compared with baseline weight which was taken at initiation of chemotherapy. Significant gain in height & weight at each follow up was observed among all 31 children who received only chemotherapy, there was gain in weight & height observed in all children who received both chemotherapy and underwent surgery.  No significant weight gain but a significant gain in height in all 13 children who received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Conclusion: Weight is more affected in children who received radiotherapy along with chemotherapy and in children who received all 3 modes of treatment that is chemotherapy, radiotherapy and underwent surgery for excision of tumour when compared with children who received chemotherapy alone

Stature is a minor criterion for establishing identity. As per Quetelet’s law there is one
in four chances of two persons having exactly same height. This study of
anthropometric assessment of stature from the five digits of both hands in male and
female was carried out among 100 second year medical students (55 Females and 45
males) in Government Medical College, Suryapet, Telangana to determine the stature.
Prior consent from the participating students had been taken. The digit length of both
hands was measured from proximal crease of digit to the tip using a vernier caliper. The
individual height was measured by height measuring scale. The estimated height by
multiplying the total digital length with five (05) in both right and left hands were found
to be similar with the measured height. Pearson correlation analysis had suggested
highly positive statistically significant correlation between estimated height and
measured height in all participants, males and females. So, this can be concluded that
the equation may be helpful to obtain approximate stature in situations where mutilated
remains are to be examined and all digits are available. This equation could be useful in
forensic anthropology or any anthropological research.

Abstract: The article deals with the experiences of countries around the world in
studying the daily life of the military, the research of individual authors, research centers,
and scientific schools on the subject is analyzed. There is information on scientific
research, their methods and methodology on the study of the daily lives of servicemen in
the world from a military anthropological point of view. Furthermore researches on the
subject in terms of historical periods and geographical order are also studied on the basis
of comparative methods. The article describes the research conducted in Uzbekistan on the
life and daily life of the military, in particular, the research of historians in this area, based
on the sequence of historical periods. It provides information on the daily life, interests and
future plans of the military, the culture of leisure, the social anthropological analysis of
the daily life of the military. Certain conclusions were made on the topic and suggestions
and recommendations were developed.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the differences in certain circumferences and skin fold characteristics between fullback football and hockey players. This study was conducting on 60 football and hockey players with an aim to find out differences in selected anthropometric measurements between the fullbacks football (n=30) and fullbacks hockey (n=30). The data for the present study were collected in the inter college competition organized by Himachal Pradesh University, during the session 2011-2012. Each athlete was tested for various anthropometric characteristics necessary for estimation of chest, hip, thigh and calf circumference and biceps, triceps, sub scapular, supera iliac, thigh and calf skinfold measurements of fullback footballers and hockey players. To analyze the difference in these anthropometric measurements between two groups of football and hockey players were determined through ‘t’ test. From the findings, it has been found that the fullbacks of football game have depicted somewhat higher mean value for chest circumference, hip circumference, thigh circumference and calf circumference as compared to fullbacks of hockey game. In skinfold measurements, it has been found that fullbacks of hockey game possessed significantly greater biceps skinfold and suprailiac skinfold than football players. In triceps skinfold, sub scapular skinfold, thigh and calf skinfolld there exist no significant difference between football and hockey players.

The purpose of the present study was to analyse the relation of body mass index with the performance of Taekwondo players. The subjects selected for this study were national taekwondo players. The data for this study was collected during senior national taekwondo championship 2018. The data for body mass index was caluculated by using the weight and height data of the players. The data collected then was analysed using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the study showed significantnegative relationship between body mass index and the performances of taekwondo players.