European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Sternal osteomyelitis incidence is approximately 0.3% of all types of TB (4). Almost 60% of skeletal TB cases involve the spine or weight-bearing joints. Hence the diagnosis sternal osteomyelitis is often not considered. On eliciting the history, patient complained of intermittent low grade fever, night sweats loss of appetite and loss of weight since the past three months. On examination Axillary Lymph nodes were inflamed. Pus culture showed multiple gram positive cocci and but no organism was isolated. ZN staining was negative for Acid Fast Bacilli however in CB- NAAT Mycobacterium TB was detected.

Introduction : Studies state that adult males are more prone to hearing deficits compared to females; occupational and medication related causes being described as the etiology. However, any such etiology would be similar in the adolescent school goers which would help us to analyze regarding similar pattern in the study population as well. Overcrowding, poor hygiene, socio-economic status, climate, lack of resources to avail medical facilities, poor medical awareness have their bearing on the incidence of hearing loss .The family of each hearing-impaired child has its own cultural, social, educational, and financial background, and its own special needs. The repercussions of auditory deficits are more marked in children as the maximum development of their potentialities was affected

Background: Dysmenorrhea is major problem in females of reproductive age. The main symptom of Dysmenorrhea is pelvic pain before or during menses, it lasts for 1-3 days in the females. Dysmenorrhea can be divided in 2 types, primary dysmenorrhea & secondary dysmenorrhea. The symptoms like as pain in lower back, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea and fatigue can be seen in the girls who are suffering from this problem.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among 100 adolescent school going girls in the age group of 13-17 years. The simple random technique was used. Pretested tool was used to check the quality of life of the dysmenorrhea girls. This study was used in Krishna Mahavidyalaya Rethare Bk. The recorded data was compiled and data analysis was done using SPSS Version 20.0.
Results: In the present study a total of 100 girls participated in the study of age group between 13-17 years. The dysmenorrhea was reported in 70(70%) of the total girls, whereas absent in 30 (30%) adolescent girls. The quality of life of dysmenorrhea girls was poor.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that prevalence of dysmenorrhea was reported to be 73% among college-aged women, dysmenorrhea is a prevalent health issue that can negatively impact.

Background: Studies in adolescents provide important epidemiological information and aetiology bywhich prevention and modifyingof subsequent coronary risk factors can be achieved. No studies are available for sociodemographic risk factors and knowledge of hypertension forkarad region.
Objective: To study and compare associated socio-demographic risk factors of elevated blood pressure among adolescents and to find out the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and to assess the knowledge about hypertension in adolescents of urban and urban slum areas of Karad.
Methodology: Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Karad during the period of 2017 to 2019. Adolescents from Urban (n=310) andurban slum area (n=310) of Karad who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. A pretested, validated and reliable proforma was developed. Apart from socio-demographic information, other parameters such as behavioural and lifestyle related risk factors, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded. Analysis was done using IBM SPSS for Windows software version 20.0. Chi square test evaluated categorical variables. p value equal to or less than 0.005 was considered to be statistically significant for a 95% confidence interval.
Result: Out of 310, the prevalence of Hypertension (HTN) in urban adolescents was 54(18.7%), similarly among urban slum adolescents the prevalence of HTN was 46(14.9%). Majority had good knowledge about hypertension in the urban area with 123(39.7%) and 165(53.2%) had satisfactory knowledge in the urban slum area.Diet, added salt intake, sleep inadequacy, addiction to alcohol and tobacco products, obesity and overweight, physical inactivity and family history of hypertension were principal risk factors for elevated blood pressure in adolescents with statistical significance (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The study identified age, level of education,lifestyle and behavioural factors as risk factors for elevated blood pressure in adolescents. Early detection will decrease risk of cardiovascular complications in adulthood.

Background: Sleep affects mental, emotional and physical wellbeing of an adolescent. On an average for adequate development an adolescent should sleep for at-least 8 to 10 hours per day.
Objectives: To study the pre-sleep activities affecting the sleep of rural and urban adolescents.
Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based school survey was designed with a sample size of 992 for the adolescents aged between 10 to 16 years of age. Children with illnesses that affected their sleep were excluded from the study. A pre-designed questionnaire was distributed to each of them. Later the data was tabulated in Microsoft excel and statistical analysis was done using software SPSS 22.0.
Result: On comparing various factors that affect sleep, it was found that 27.62% of the subjects consumed beverages like tea and coffee before sleep, 42.64% used mobile phones before sleep, 58.06% watch television late at night, 41.73% consume dinner late in the night i.e., after 10 pm and 28.53% have sleep disturbance due to exam stress and fear. The use of mobile phones before sleep and late-night dinners was more among the adolescents residing in the urban areas compared to those in the rural areas which was statistically significant (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Pre sleep activities have a major impact on the quality of sleep, hence addressing them is essential.

The word “stigma”, deriving from the Greek verb στiζειν(to sting), was used during the classical period to indicatethe mark made with a spike on the forehead of a slavewhen he was found guilty of an offence, on the arm of aconscript recognized as suitable for serving the military,on the body of criminals and other people identified asconvicts. Stigma is a fundamental barrier to individuals seeking out mental health treatment in the Middle East. According to epidemiological studies conducted in Europe and in the United States, mental illnesses are common characteristics of our urban societies. Their frequency is estimated at almost one fourth of the general population in most countries

Background: Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) is defined as an infection of the reproductive or genital tract which causes health problem affecting adolescent females of reproductive age. Aim: The study aimed to assess health practices among female university students regarding the prevention of RTIs at Hafr Al Batin University. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted with 500 female students recruited at Hafr AlBatin University using a purposive sample. A semi-structured interview sheet was used followed by fifty students used for face-to-face interviews. Results: Mixed methods study proved the importance of in-depth data discovered by qualitative approaches, which revealed that there is a highly statistically significant relation among studied students' marital status, maternal education & profession, and their total echo levels regarding the prevention of RTI, (P<0.001). Around 68% of them reported having symptoms of RTIs. Conclusion: The majority of female students had unsatisfactory knowledge about RTIs, their prevention, and unhealthy hygienic practices. Recommendations: Further researches are needed to investigate the incidence if there are cultural contributory factors leading to RTIs and adequate preventive interventions. Lastly, there is a need to develop strategies towards improving adolescent students' health awareness and provision of appropriate reproductive health services.

Abstract: The article is devoted to one of the most important problems of our time
— children whose behavior contradicts generally accepted social norms and rules, i.e.
from the point of view of the risk of their actions in relation to society. The principal
probability of leaving a teenager in the "field of deviance" is determined by the presence of
risk factors, the essence of which allows us to identify the quality of self-esteem, the level of
anxiety, aggressiveness and affillation as criteria for the development of social competence
of children at risk. The article discusses the concept of "children at risk", explains the
reasons for getting children into the "risk group". Also, the author describes the main
value orientations of this group, especially in the development of adolescents included in it.

This article examines the influence of family relations on the development of a teenager, which is associated with the process of individualization and self-realization of a person. The development of the adolescent's autonomy and individualization can be disrupted in a family crisis. In particular, adolescents who have experienced parental divorce may develop too early, an excessive desire for autonomy, independence from parents, and independence, which, in turn, may lead to further conflicts in the family.

Alcoholism is a detrimental and dangerous human act. Particularly it remains very
alive among teenagers. Adolescent is a period where young people grow from an infant to a
mature infant.(Sturmhöfel & Swartzwelder, 2004).Alcohol is the world third largest risk aspect
for illness and contributes to 4% of the worldwidetrouble of sickness(Rehm, 2011). It is
reasonably true that 2,5 million deaths are caused per year from alcohol with 9 percent of
deaths in the age group between 15 and 29 because of alcohol consumption (WHO, 2018).
Alcohol causes bereavement and disability. Consuming alcohol gives a danger of developing
physical health problems among adolescent. The physical problems like cancers, cardiovascular
diseases, eye irritation, body pain, severe head ache, hand shivering, sleeplessness and nervous
system damage. The present study tried to investigate physical hazards of adolescents due to
alcohol consumptions

Background: The main physical appearance that can be seen from the face is inseparable from the appearance of the teeth and mouth. The teenagers realize that the first impression is greatly influenced by appearance. Purpose: Determine the relationship between the perception of young adults using fixed orthodontic appliance and interest towards of malocclusion treatment inclass of 2019 undergraduate students of Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya. Methods: This research was an analytic cross-sectional study design and the sampling technique used purposive sampling. The amount of sample which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was 87 students. Data collected by giving questionnaires to 87 students. Cross-tabulation between perception and interests showed that the most interests of the respondent were seen in the moderate category in the perception of both functional and aesthetic aspects. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test with α = 0,05. Results: The relationship between the perception of late adolescence using fixed orthodontic appliance and interest towards of malocclusion treatment did not show a significant result with p = 0,351. Conclusions: There is no relationship between the perception of young adults using fixed orthodontic appliance and interest towards ofmalocclusion treatment in class of 2019 undergraduate students of Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya

Anemia in general is a condition where hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels are lower than normal Anemia that is occurred by many adolescents due to Fe deficiency and can be called Fe deficiency anemia (Tarwoto, 2014). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumption ofred beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L) boiled on hemoglobin levels in adolescent in institute of health science STRADA Kediri.The research design used was pre-experiment with one group pre-post test design. The population in this study were all third semester students in Institute of health Science STRADA who experienced anemia with a sample of 18 respondents. The sampling technique used was Purposive sampling.The results showed that all (100%) had mild anemia before treatment, after the treatment, the results of all respondents (100%) experienced a change to non-anemia. Based on the results statistically using test, Wilcoxon the obtained p value 0.005 <α 0.05 thenH0 is rejected and H1 accepted, which means there is the effect of red beans(PhaseolusvulgarisL) boil on hemoglobin levels in adolescent in institute of health science STRADA Kediri.It can be concluded that boiled red beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L) contain iron which is useful for increasing hemoglobin levels in the blood. It is recommended for respondents to use boiled red beans as food to prevent anemia.

Anemia in general is a condition where hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels are lower than normal Anemia that is occurred by many adolescents due to Fe deficiency and can be called Fe deficiency anemia (Tarwoto, 2014). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumption ofred beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L) boiled on hemoglobin levels in adolescent in institute of health science STRADA Kediri. The research design used was pre-experiment with one group pre-post test design. The population in this study were all third semester students in Institute of health Science STRADA who experienced anemia with a sample of 18 respondents. The sampling technique used was Purposive sampling. The results showed that all (100%) had mild anemia before treatment, after the treatment, the results of all respondents (100%) experienced a change to non-anemia. Based on the results statistically using test, Wilcoxon the obtained p value 0.005 <α 0.05 thenH0 is rejected and H1 accepted, which means there is the effect of red beans (PhaseolusvulgarisL) boil on hemoglobin levels in adolescent in institute of health science STRADA Kediri. It can be concluded that boiled red beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L) contain iron which is useful for increasing hemoglobin levels in the blood. It is recommended for respondents to use boiled red beans as food to prevent anemia.

The Prevalence Of Social Problems In Malaysia, Especially Those Involving Rape And Sexual Assaults, Has Seen A Serious Escalation. This Study Aimed To Determine The Basic Needs Aspect That Influences Adolescent To Become Rape Victims. The Methodology Of The Study Used Was The Case Study Method. Nine Trainees From Child And Adolescent Protection Centres Were Selected And Interviewed As Study Samples. The Nvivo 12 Software Was Used For Analysing Data In This Study. Findings Showed That The Basic Needs Of Rape Victims According To Choice Theory Reality Therapy (Ctrt) Are Love, Freedom, Enjoyment, Power And Survival. Hence, This Study Has Contributed Knowledge To All Parties Who Plan Prevention And Care Programs For Rape-Related Cases.

The study aims to identify the aggressive behavior of adolescents who are addressed in terms of psychosocial needs such as family, peers and school and the reinforcement approach. In order to examine adolescent aggression problems, the focus are given on aggression such as bullying, gangsterime and vandalism. This study also examines aspects of reinforcement in addressing aggression among adolescent as a positive reinforcing element. Based on the document analysis records obtained from the schools, a total of five adolescents with behavioral aggression problems were selected as the main sample of the study and five disciplinary teachers as additional sample selected for the study. The findings show that family, peers and school influences play important role in addressing adolescent aggression as well as reinforcing needs such as punishment and punishment in controlling the development of youth behavior and emotions. The findings also found that positive reinforcement such as appreciation and praise also play an important role in controlling and developing adolescent’s behavior. This study is seen to provide guidance to teachers, parents and the community about psychosocial needs in guiding teenagers and can help counselors and authorities to use appropriate reinforcement approaches to prevent early teenage aggression problems.