European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Alcohol is most commonly abused drug worldwide. Alcohol use has also been shown
to have numerous effects on the cardiovascular system other than heart failure.It has
been associated with arrhythmia(eg.atrial fibrillation ,ectopics),hypertension and
sudden death [1] .
METHODS:
This is a hospital based cross-sectional study carried out in 100 chronic alcoholics
admiited at Dr.PSIMS&RF, Chinnoutapalli ,tertiary care, teaching hospital in South India for a period of 2 years.Their cardiovascular function is evaluated by
Electrocardiogram and Echocardiogram.
RESULTS:
Out of 100 patients, In the study group 94% were males and 6% were
females.Maximum incidence of Alcoholics was seen between 3 rd to 6 th Decade of
life.Mean age was 43.1 ±11.9 years .
Most common abnormality observed was sinus tachycardia(10%) followed by
Qt prolongation (7%),LVH and AF(5%),VPC(4%),NSC and RBBB(3%),APC(2%).
Most common echo abnormality was Increased LAD size(14%),increased
RVSP (12%),Increased thickness in IVS and Posterior wall(11%),EDD,EDS,EF,FS
abnormality was observed in 10% patients. Other findings like MR,TR,PAH seen in
1%,TR,PAH in 5%,MR IN 4 % population,remaining 90 % are normal. In Echo final
impression of LVH Seen in 11% and DCM was seen in 10%Population. Prevalance of
cardiovascular abnormalities In patients with chronic alcoholism was ECG 39 %
ECH0 21%
CONCLUSIONS: Early screening by means of ECHO and ECG can be useful in
preventing the progression to irreversible changes.Alcohol de-addiction and
counseling should be encouraged

Background: To assess serum total IgE levels in smokers, non- smokers and ex- smokers and its relation to lung function.
Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty subjects of either gender were divided into three groups. Group I comprised of smokers, group II non- smokers and group III ex- smokers. Weight and height was recorded followed by BMI. Symptoms and signs of cough, wheezing, dyspnoea were recorded. Alcohol history was also recorded. 5 ml of venous blood was taken for assessment of haemoglobin, ESR and absolute haemoglobin count. IgE level was assessed.
Results: There were 30 males and 10 females in group I, 22 males and 18 females in group II and 32 males and 8 females in group III. The mean weight was 70.2 kgs, 68.2 kgs and 65.4 kgs, mean height was 172.2 cm, 171.6 cm and 168.2 cm, mean BMI was 24.4 Kg/cm2, 23.8 Kg/cm2 and 23.6 Kg/cm2 and alcohol intake (>once /month) was seen among 32, 10 and 24 in group I, group II and group III respectively. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05). The mean FVC was 85.1% in group I, 92.2% in group II and 72.6% in group III, FEV1 was 72.4%, 95.2% and 53.2%, FEV1/ FVC was 85.3%, 99.4% and 68.5%, FEF25-75 was 57.3%, 95.2% and 39.6% and FEF max was 76.4%, 102.3% and 48.9% in group I, group II and group III respectively. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05). The mean IgE level was 358.2 IU/ml in group I, 38.4 IU/ml in group II and 206.4 IU/ml in group III. Breath CO level was 16.4 ppm in group I, 5.3 ppm in group II and 4.8 ppm in group III. The absolute eosinophil count/mm3 was 324.2 in group I, 190.4 in group II and 286.2 in group III. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05).

Conclusion: There was altered pulmonary function tests and high level of IgE in smokers and ex- smokers as compared to non- smokers

Alcohol fermentation is the metabolic process through which organisms, mainly yeasts, generate ethanol and CO2 from sugars (such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose) in the absence of oxygen. A significant organic solvent and substrate, ethanol is widely employed in both research and business. It is the primary product created during the fermentation of fruits and other biomass-derived carbohydrates. Even after being bottled and packaged, many foods, especially unpasteurized foods and probiotics, may continue to ferment, which gradually raises their alcohol level. The main obstacle to the growth of the global market for halal foods has been highlighted as issues with halal product certification. One such problem is the variable levels of ethanol allowed in Halal goods as a result of the lack of an internationally accepted standard limit. This paper provides an overview of ethanol, including its varieties, uses, benefits, and drawbacks. This article provides a solution to achieve consensus on the concentration of alcohol in fermented grape juice and to display the statistical data in the form of a line graph using MATLAB. An app is designed to view the live feed of graphs from MATLAB

Background: India accounts for around 6% of the world’s road traffic accidents (RTA’s). The incidence of maxillofacial fractures differs from one country to another and significant variations depend on socio-economic, cultural, and environmental. Maxillofacial injuries can occur as an isolated injury or may be associated with multiple injuries to the head, chest, abdomen, spine and extremities.
Aims & Objectives: This paper aims to highlight the pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Nizamabad district of Telangana state, India. Maxillofacial fractures are classified according to etiology, age group, gender and involvement of mid-face or mandible, treatment modalities rendered at our center.
This is a prospective study with descriptive analysis of data.
Material & Methods: This is a cross sectional study with descriptive analysis of the data. Demographic data included gender, age group, the region from where the patient represented. The clinical presentation of the fracture site, etiology, and associate injuries were included in the study. Data is analyzed using Microsoft software and results are presented as frequency tables and percentages.

Introduction: The habit of alcohol consumption and alcoholism is known to adversely affect the health and well being of the people especially that of women but stillthe trends of its consumption is on rise even in India. Women in rural areas are exposed to limited source of knowledge regarding the ill effects of alcohol consumption

Introduction:Large epidemiological surveys have shown alcohol, tobacco (i.e., cigarettes), and marijuana has the highest prevalence rates across all age groups. Alcohol is a serious public health problem.There is a lacuna of evidence on screening for harmful alcohol use linked to ASSIST in Indian workplace settings. This prompted the us to explore this area to generate an evidence base while planning for workplace alcohol interventions.

Background: Acute Pancreatitis is a major health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. There is large geographical variability in incidence, disease severity and outcome with data related to prevalence rate lacking in our region. Present study is aimed to observe its demographic variability around the Jorhat Medical College.
Methods: First consecutive 50 cases of acute pancreatitis presented in the Jorhat Medical College during the study period from June 2020 to May 2021 were included in the study; data collected, systematically analyzed and statistically reviewed.
Results: Of the 50 cases, 33 (60%) were male while 17 (34%) were female. The mean age of the study sample is 37.04±13.52 (SD) years, ranging from 15 – 75 years. Majority of the patients are between 15-35 years. In 50% cases, alcohol is the most common aetiology followed by gallstones (36%), idiopathic in 10% cases. Alcohol is the most common aetiology among male and 15-35 years age group while gallstone is most common cause in females and 35-55 years age group. Among 50 cases, 41 (82%) are mild acute pancreatitis and 9 (18%) have severe acute pancreatitis. Majority of severe acute pancreatitis cases are male and alcoholic. Of 50 cases, among Hindus (n= 47) ethnic Assamese are 54%, Tea tribe 20%, Mising 10%, UP 6%, Bengali 4%, while Muslim 4% and Christian 2%. Gallstone is most common cause among ethnic Assamese and alcohol is the common cause in Tea tribe and Mising. Geographical distributions of the cases are as follows: Jorhat district 50% (n=25), Golaghat 32% (n= 16), Majuli 14% (n= 7) and Sivasagar 4% (n=2).
Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis is more common among male than female. Assamese are the most commonly affected ethnic group, gallstone being the most common cause among them. Alcohol is the most common aetiology in Tea tribes and Mising community. Male and alcoholics are more prone to severe acute pancreatitis. The incidence of acute pancreatitis is more in younger population 15-35 years and alcohol is the most common cause in this age group. Most of the cases are from Jorhat district followed by Golaghat, Majuli and Sivasagar.

Background: Substance abuse is increasing in young population of India at alarming rates. Younger
generation abuse the substance to gain temporary pleasure, to relive stress and under peer pressure.
Medical students are more prone to substance abuse because of longer working hours, high pressure
working environment and stress.
Objectives: Present study aims towards finding a correlation between stress and addictive behaviors, so
as to recognize the extent to which stress affects the medical students. Present study also focusses on
establishing comprehensive measures to manage stress among medical students.
Methodology: Total 200 undergraduate medical students were recruited in present study. The stress level
was analysed using perceived stress scale (PSS) and perceived academic stress scale (PASS). Substance
abuse was analysed using drug abuse screening test (DAST-10) and alcohol use disorders identification
test (AUDIT).
Results: A significantly high correlation was found in the stress level and substance abuse among
undergraduate medical students. PSS exhibit correlation of 0.3589 with AUDIT and 0.3194 with DAST.
PASS exhibit correlation of 0.4760with AUDIT and 0.3775with DAST.
Conclusion: Stress was found to be a significant problem among medical students and this leads to
consumption of alcohol and other illicit mind-altering psychoactive substances in an attempt to cope with
various academic and other life stressors.Awareness creation about the adverse effects of substance use
and academic counseling in the first 2-3 years of course and putative stress reduction interventions are
recommended and needed.

Introduction: In India, there is a high frequency of ALD, with alcohol being responsible for roughly
half of all instances of cirrhosis. However, not everyone who consumes alcohol develops the condition,
and the total chance of acquiring the disease in a person is determined by a number of variables. The
length, amount, and kind of alcohol ingested, as well as nutritional state, comorbid illnesses, sex, race,
and hereditary variables, may all have a role. Multiple investigations on the impact of drinking patterns
in the development of illness have shown conflicting conclusions.
Objectives: Present study aims towards analysing the clinical profile of patients with alcoholic liver
disease. Present study also aims to perform psychiatric screening using CAGE criteria and alcohol use
disorder identification test (AUDIT) scale for assessing the severity of alcohol dependence.
Methods: Present study was a single centric, prospective, observational and hospital-based study. 50
patients with clinical/investigational evidence of alcoholic liver disease were include in study. CAGE
Criteria to screen and alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) scale was used for assessing the
severity of alcohol dependence.
Results: The mean age of the recruited patients was 50.80 ± 12.74 years. Among total 50 patients, 96%
patients were males and 4% of patients were females. Total 26% patients have CAGE score of four, 34%
patients have CAGE score of three, 40% patients have CAGE score of two whereas no patient had a
CAGE score of zero. AUDIT scoring indicate that 96% patients exhibit alcohol dependence, 4% patients
presented with harmful or hazardous drinking levels whereas no patient presented with Low-risk
consumption. A total of 96% patients were alive whereas mortality occurs in 4% patients in present study.
Conclusion: Our findings show a link between the type, amount, and duration of alcohol consumption
and the development of alcoholic liver disease.

Background: Alcoholism is a severe hazard to both individuals and society, and the
family bears the brunt of the disease's burden.
Aims and objectives:
1. To study the sociodemographic profile of patient of alcohol dependence.
2. To study the psychiatric comorbidity in patients with alcohol dependence.
3. To study the quality of life in patients of alcohol dependence.
4. To study the caregiver’s burden in family members of alcohol dependence.
Material and methods: The present study was conducted at Swami Vivekananda Drug
De-addiction and Treatment Centre under Department of Psychiatry, Government
Medical College, Amritsar with the primary purpose of determining the Psychiatric
comorbidities, Quality of life in patients of Alcohol Dependence and Caregiver burden
among their family members. For this purpose, minimum 100 patients of alcohol
dependence syndrome who were admitted in Swami Vivekananda Drug De-addiction
and Treatment Centre and their respective key caregivers during a period of 1 year
from 2020 to 2021 will be selected and studied. The nature and purpose of the study was
explained to the patients and their respective caregivers and an informed consent was
taken from each of them. After Certain set of questions were asked from annexures and
accompanying clinical assessment was done. Enrolled patients and their caregivers were
assured of confidentiality of the information given by them and data assimilated was
analyzed using standard methods.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Alcohol is the number one toxic substance consumed by people of all age groups, which makes its use a public health problem. The overall trend shows that university students are those who suffer the most pressure. Aims-The aim was to find out perception of alcohol intake regarding global positive transformation among medical students. Objective - assess the perception of alcohol intake regarding global positive transformation among medical students. To explore the alcohol related habits among medical students. Materials and Method-A work site cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted amongst 300 medical students at selected medical colleges of Pune City.Data was collected by screening questionnaire related to alcoholIntake. Result:In this study demographical data showed that majority of the student 152(50.6) from the age group of 18-21 years. Majority of students 208(69.33) are male.Related to the screening questionnaire of alcohol Intake among medical Students data showed majority of the students 185(61.66%) students’ parents does not drink alcohol, 185(61.66%) students doesn’t drink alcohol, 253(84.33%) students friend’s drink alcohol, 185(61.66%) of students not applicable for 1st Drink, for the circumstances of drunk alcohol or May drunk alcohol 115(38.33%) of students said for Enjoy Partying, For the spending on alcohol per month in that 185(61.66%) Not applicable, 185(61.66%) are not applicable for control their interest on drinking alcohol and 185(61.66%) says never drink alcohol.In that majority 52.86% medical students are showing Alcohol is a powerful agent that makes global positive transformation. Mean responses are 158.6 for true and 141.4% are for false responses. Which interpret that alcohol drinking make you positive at global transformation.
Conclusion: The present study conclude that medical students are showing Alcohol is a powerful agent that makes global positive transformation.

The increasing cases of sexual assaults and rape worldwide have made it very challenging for the various nations to deal with it. We are witnessing a huge technological advancement all over the seas. But so far, we have not been able to find any proper solution to deal with these types of crimes. If we talk about India, one of the fastest growing crimes are rape and sexual crimes of women and children. Rape is prevalent in both rural as well as urban areas, and now the cases of sexual assaults are being increasing in the group of high class and literate people.
One of the major reasons for that is the increasing drug and alcohol abuse, which have a direct relation with increasing cases of sexual assault cases in the nation. About 70% of the sexual assault cases in India are reported which is committed while the Accused, victim or both are under the intoxication of some kind of drug or alcohol. The use of one such drug called the ‘Date Rape Drugs’ is becoming very prevalent in India. These drugs are used for exploiting the victim for the drug facilitated sexual intercourse. The reason why these drugs are becoming very popular among such abusers is that, these drugs produces effects which makes the victim physically helpless by reducing their physical strength so that they become unable to refuse the situation. Also, one more reason is that, this drug also affects the mental capability of the victim, thus the victim can’t remember and recall the situation. It is very easy for the perpetrators to mix these drugs in food and drinks of the possible victims because these drugs don’t have any smell, taste or any color. Thus, the date rape drugs are the perfect tool for such perpetrators. So, in this paper we will be discussing about such types of Date rape drugs which are being used at an extensive level in India, there mechanism that how they affect a person and its consequences.

Alcoholism is a detrimental and dangerous human act. Particularly it remains very
alive among teenagers. Adolescent is a period where young people grow from an infant to a
mature infant.(Sturmhöfel & Swartzwelder, 2004).Alcohol is the world third largest risk aspect
for illness and contributes to 4% of the worldwidetrouble of sickness(Rehm, 2011). It is
reasonably true that 2,5 million deaths are caused per year from alcohol with 9 percent of
deaths in the age group between 15 and 29 because of alcohol consumption (WHO, 2018).
Alcohol causes bereavement and disability. Consuming alcohol gives a danger of developing
physical health problems among adolescent. The physical problems like cancers, cardiovascular
diseases, eye irritation, body pain, severe head ache, hand shivering, sleeplessness and nervous
system damage. The present study tried to investigate physical hazards of adolescents due to
alcohol consumptions

Oral leukoplakia is seen as a predominant white patch in the oral mucosa and is the most common potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa. Habits such as tobacco, betel nut chewing and alcohol increases the incidence of oral leukoplakia. This study was aimed to evaluate the association of oral leukoplakia in patients having smoking and alcohol habits. In this study, patients having oral leukoplakia were sorted out by reviewing and analysing 86,000 patients records who visited the private dental college during the time period of June 2019 to March 2020. The personal history with habits such as smoking and alcohol were also recorded. A Chi-square test was used to determine association between variables to obtain the results. In our study, we found that the males showed higher prevalence of Oral Leukoplakia than females. A statistically significant result was found in patients between 41-50 years of age (29.2%) with smoking habits (84.8%) and alcohol intake habits (51%). It also showed that there was stronger association between oral leukoplakia and patients with both smoking and alcohol habits, than in patients having alcohol habit alone.