European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Dental treatment, altogether with its characteristics, represents quite stressful act that have influence on all of its participants especially the children. Children often show their distress with the dental situation in an aversive behavior which sometimes leads to management problems. Different pathways for the development of fear have been described. Most of the researches focus on the effect of parental presence and behavior during dental procedures. But however no in depth researches have been done on the influence of parenting style on the child’s behaviour in the dental setting. Thus the purpose of the review is to analyse whether the parenting style really does influence the child behaviour or not.

Aim: Purpose of our research was to assess the preference of pediatric dentists to carry out
treatment with either conscious sedation or with general anesthesia.
Methodology: 50 children were selected for your study who did not have any previous
medical conditions. Patients requiring complete dental treatment were treated under GA,
those requiring one or two procedures were under conscious sedation. The two groups of
patients were evaluated in terms of vital signs, duration of the treatment procedure, patient
behavior, recovery time and comfort experienced by the dentists and the anesthesiologists.
Results: Dentists in sedation group were anxious, uncomfortable and restless during
implementation of dental treatment. During dental procedure under sedation, some
interruption has been noted in few cases such as vomiting during the procedure (3 cases).
Those who vomited, during the procedure, their heads were turned to one side, the
procedure was discontinued immediately (to prevent aspiration), and the patients were
referred for treatment under GA.
Conclusion: Dental treatment under CS can be successful with little or no complications if
the cases are well selected by qualified trained dentist.

COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected dentistry due to high coronavirus infectivity and dangerous consequences. Special recommendations were developed for dentists to limit the infection of staff and patients. to study the reasons for children visiting dental clinics during COVID-19 pandemic and give the characteristics of the patients and provided dental treatment. The cross-sectional study was conducted in four dental clinics, which worked for dental emergency in the cities of Volgograd and Volzhky during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic. The data about 166 paediatric dental patients aged 1-17 years were collected. The reasons for children’s dental visits, age and behavior of the children, the tooth types, and the types of provided treatment were analyzed. The children’s behavior was assessed according to Frankl’s Behavior Rating Scale. Proportions (%), 95% Confidence Interval (CI), mean-value with standard error (M±m) were calculated. The differences were assessed by Pierson’s Chi-square test at p-value 0.05. Microsoft-office Excel-2019 programs were used for the statistic analysis. The majority (98.8%, 95% CI 95.7-99.7%) of the children visited dental clinics due to acute toothache. The primary teeth needed urgent treatment significantly more often than permanent teeth: 83.7% (95% CI 77.8-88.3%) and 16.3% (95% CI 11.7-22.2%) respectively, x2 = 172.171, p < 0.0001. Among the primary teeth the most affected ones were the first and second molars, among the permanent teeth – the first molar. The common reasons for urgent dental treatment in children were caries consequences: apical periodontitis (51.6%, 95% CI 44.5-58.6) or pulpitis (35.3%, 95% CI 28.8-42.3). The other reasons were dental trauma, caries, periostitis, physiological primary tooth mobility. Acute pain in the primary teeth was caused mainly by apical periodontitis, in the permanent teeth by pulpitis. The applied treatment methods were aimed at limiting the use of aerosol generating procedures, reducing the duration of the treatment and preventing the patients’ hospitalization. Almost all the primary teeth with apical periodontitis were extracted; the number of extracted and endodontically treated permanent teeth was approximately equal. The current methods of pulpitis treatment (pulp capping, pulpotomy and pulpectomy) were applied along with the pulp necrotizing agent use. Many (39.7%, 95% CI 32.6-47.4%) children demonstrated negative behavior. Behavior management techniques were used, including tell-show-do (54.5%, 95% CI 42.6-66.0%), sedation (3.0%, 95% CI – 0.8-10.4%), general anesthesia (3.0%, 95% CI – 0.8-10.4%), passive restraint (39.4%, 95% CI 28.5-51.4%). In the limitation of this study we can conclude that COVID-19 pandemic changed the profile of paediatric dental patients and dentist’s treatment options. In 1-17-year-old children the main reason for an emergency dental visit was acute dental pain due to caries consequences. The primary teeth needed urgent dental treatment significantly more often than the permanent teeth. The children often demonstrated negative behavior and required behavior management. The applied treatment methods were aimed at limiting the use of

Music reduces stress and increases physical energy, depending on the tempo, melody, and genre of music we listen to . Even from the emergency room to the physical therapy practice, music can ease stress, improve immune and hormone production, elevate mood, and reduce pain. Dentists can use music for more outcome of the patients and using music during sedation improves recovery rate after the procedure. The study aims to know the awareness among patients having anxiety during dental treatments. Cross sectional questionnaire survey conducted among dental patients . Information of question was obtained from the questionnaire using survey planets and data represented in MS Excel and statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.The results were collected and then analysed through SPSS software. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out and chi square test was used and p value was calculated. About 86% patient felt relaxed while listening to music while compared to other time in the clinic 84% patient felt reduction in the pain which listening to music in dental clinic 92% thought that music reduces the anxiety level and distract patients while getting treated in clinic 36% patient felt anxious during dental treatments. Most of the patients feel anxious while getting treated in the dental clinics . music plays a major role in reducing anxiety . While getting treated many of the patients felt that music helps in distracting during pain .Many of the patients suggested practicing music therapy in dental clinics .

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has become a growing public health challenge for countries across the world. The risk of cross infection can be high between patients and dental practitioners due to the characteristics of the dental setting. Dentists should constantly be aware of such infectious threats that challenge the routine infection control regimen. The aim of this study was to assess the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) regarding the COVID-19 pandemic among dental undergraduate students. An online questionnaire that consisted of a series of questions regarding dentists’ demoFigureic details; their knowledge about the incubation period, the symptoms, mode of transmission and infection control measures for prevention of COVID-19; and their attitude toward treating patients with COVID-19 was used. The study was conducted among undergraduate students of a private dental institute. Data was collected from filled questionnaires and analysed using SPSS software. A total of 209 undergraduate dental students participated in the online survey. A majority of students (96.7%) believe that transmission of COVID-19 can be prevented by using standard and isolation precautions given by CDC, WHO, ICMR and 73.2% were aware of the guidelines to be followed during the COVID-19 lockdown. 92.3% had not undergone any online training for management of patients during COVID-19. Study participants (62.7%) also expressed a positive attitude towards willingness to perform emergency dental procedures. Almost half the study population refused to perform their clinical rotation in a hospital without clear COVID-19 infection control isolation policy. Majority of the participants had sufficient knowledge regarding transmission and risk of spread of COVID-19 in dental settings. Students also demonstrated a positive attitude toward performing dental treatment provided adequate guidelines were followed in the hospital.