European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction: Identification of risk factors for stroke as well as awareness of relative importance of each, and of their interaction should facilitate stroke prevention. The understanding of stroke in a clinical setting is pivotal to create awareness among masses to prevent the burden of vascular diseases as well as to educate people regarding modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Hence, the present study was conducted to reveal signs, symptoms, and risk factors of stroke in patients with this condition.
Materials and Methods: The current cross-sectional observational study comprised of 100 patients who were diagnosed as stroke cases. The clinical profile of all enrolled patients was noted as per the proforma. Relevant clinical history was taken, and laboratory investigations was carried, and lipid profile was studied. CT scan of brain was conducted. For statistical analysis of the study, X² with k<0.5 and a p-value<0.01 was considered as significant value.
Results: In this study 4% cases of stroke were below 40 year, 16% cases in age 40-50 years, 27% in 51-60 years, 34% in 61-70 years, 15% in 71-80 years, 3% in 81-90 years, 1% in 91-100 years. Regarding clinical symptoms, 62% patients present with right hemiplegia, 38% patients presented with left hemiplegia, 48% patients present with cranial n palsy, 30% present with altered sensorium. 55% patients had a history of (h/o) smoking, 50% patients had h/o hypertension, 34% patients had h/o ischemic heart disease, 15% patients had transient ischemic attack, 13% patients were alcoholics, 57% had diabetes mellitus while 51% were presented with intermittent claudication.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that age, gender, smoking tobacco, alcohol intake, hypertension, diabetes as well as dyslipidemia are the most common risk factor for the stroke. Active lifestyle with moderate physical activity and diet control can help in prevention of substantial proportion of stroke incidence.

Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency has been studied among various Indian populations with conflicting results. There is a paucity of data connecting the link between Vit D deficiency among the doctors who are particularly at risk of developing and causes of increase in insulin resistance, hypertension, inflammation, and increased cardiovascular risk. Also, the association between Vit D deficiency and diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases is unclear. Given these observations, we would like to study the prevalence of Vit D deficiency among the doctors of Belagavi city of India.
Materials and Method: It was a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted by the department of General Medicine, Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences Belagavi, during the period from April 2016 to March 2017. All the doctors residing in Belagavi city were included in the present study after meeting appropriate exclusion criteria. The detailed history, risk factors, and laboratory finding was noted. The informed consent was taken from each participant before inclusion in the study.
Results: 100 doctors aged between 40 to 70 years were studied. The male-to-female ratio was 62:38. Predominantly males were in the age range of 41-50 years of age. The mean age for men was 51 years with SD 6.36 years and for women were 49 years with SD 6.07 years. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes was seen in 58%, hypertension in 63%, and hyperlipidemia seen in 33%.
Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency observed in our study was 40%. There was a significant association between diabetes mellitus and hypertension in vitamin D deficiency compared with vit D sufficiency individuals. Vitamin d deficiency is commonly seen in all age groups, therefore, strategies such as increasing awareness, and educating the masses about adequate exposure to sunlight. The need for dietary rich in vitamin D sources and fortification of foods with Vitamin D.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the largest cause of mortality, accounting for around half of all deaths resulting from non communicable Diseases. The prospective observational study conducted to evaluate drug utilization in cardiovascular disease.
Materials & Methods: The study included a total of 400 patients admitted to intensive coronary care unit. All the medical prescriptions were collected, and the data was used to analyze the prescription pattern by prescribing indicators and individual drug use by Defined daily dose (DDD) measure. The data was collected and analyzed for counts and percentages. The mean and standard deviation was computed for continuous variables.
Results: In the present study 400 records were assessed in which males were 60% and females were 40%. Ischemic Heart Disease (32.5%) was the most common cardiovascular disease in study population followed by Hypertension (30%). DDD was highest of Enalapril maleate i.e. 4.45. The average drugs per prescription during hospitalization were 4.20. Percentage number of drugs Prescribed by generic names was 72%. Percentage of Drugs Prescribed from National Essential Drug List was 87.5%.
Conclusion: The study concluded that DDD was highest of Enalapril maleate. The average drugs per prescription during hospitalization were 4.20. Percentage number of drugs Prescribed by generic names was 72%. Percentage of Drugs Prescribed from National Essential Drug List was 87.5%.

Sedentary lifestyle has become a huge concern in one's life, in which physical inactivity has become a major health problem. Prevalence of sedentary life is increasing nowadays and is seen more commonly in the student population. Sedentary lifestyle leads to obesity is an important health concern which is increasing day by day around the globe. It affects the whole body which mainly causes cardiovascular problems.The Aim of this research is to bring awareness about sedentary lifestyle, obesity and cardiovascular disease in the student population.A questionnaire of a total 15 questions were prepared and was uploaded through surveyplanet. The responses were collected and then interpreted as pie charts and bar graphs. A total of 100 undergraduate college students have taken the survey. The data was analysed by IBM-SPSS software where descriptive statistics and chi square test was done, where the results are plotted as graphs and pie charts.A total of 100 college students have taken up the survey in which 47% were male and 53% were female. In a question pertaining to how many people were following a healthy diet- 74 % have answered yes and 26% said no. The next question was about exercising everyday in which 62 % said yes while 38% said no. In which 47% males and 15% females have answered yes.97% agree that sedentary lifestyle leads to complications such as obesity. 90% of the students are aware about the increase in sedentary lifestyle among students. 69% have answered that unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity,smoking etc were the common causes of obesity. 95% agree that obesity causes respiratory problems. Almost 95 % students agree that obesity causes systemic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension which will ultimately lead to cardiovascular problems.Chi square test was done between gender and people who are following a healthy diet and exercising daily where p<0.05 which is statistically significant.Our study showed that almost all students were aware about sedentary lifestyle and its complications, but the females in the study have shown that they do not follow a healthy diet and do not exercise regularly which makes them prone to obesity and ultimately cardiovascular problems. To avoid these problems, awareness has to be spread in colleges about the seriousness of obesity and its harmful effects and how to prevent it.