European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. This increased risk of Cardiovascular Disease may begin during early stage of Chronic Kidney Disease much before the onset of kidney failure. This high burden of cardiovascular disease mortality is well illustrated by comparing cardiovascular disease mortality in dialysis population to general population. Our study aim is to identify Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic changes in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Regular training, in particular endurance exercise, induces structural myocardial adaptation, so-called "athlete's heart". In addition to the 2D standard echo parameters, assessment of myocardial function is currently possible by deformation parameters
Objective: To determine the impact of measures of cardiac function assessed by echocardiography on exercise capacity and to determine if these associations are modified by sex or advancing age.
Methodology: The Study was conducted on 100 subjects at Haldiram and Moolchand Heart Centre, PBM Hospital, S.P. Medical College, Bikaner. First a resting echocardiography was performed to evaluate cardiovascular diastolic function. After echocardiography the subjects were underwent Bruce protocol treadmill test.
Result & Conclusion:: There was no correlation between exercise capacity and end systolic volume index (p=0.089), between exercise capacity and ejection fraction(p=0.459), between exercise capacity and fractional shortening(p=0.467), between exercise capacity and stroke volume index(p=0.361), between exercise capacity and  cardiac index(p=0.475).
 

Background: Knowledge of the size, location and type of the atrial septal defect is very important guideline for clinicians to decide the type of intervention required .The objective of the study was to determine the same using transthoracic echocardiography.
Method: Total 42 patients diagnosed with atrial septal defect were studied using two-dimensional echocardiography. Examination was done by Siemens ultrasound echo machine using a P5-1MHz transducer.
Results: In our study we found 41 cases of   isolated Ostium secundum type of defect .Single case of Ostium Primum type were also found.
Conclusion: Atrial Septal Defect is one of the commonest congenital heart defects, which if detected early, can be corrected easily by surgical intervention. Echocardiography is an easily available, cost effective and non invasive screening method. This study further boosts its role as screening and evaluating tool in cases of Atrial Septal Defects.

Background: Determining the factors affecting exercise capacity is extremely significant because it can improve the life span and the quality of life of subject as exercise capacity is related to prognosis in healthy people and in heart disease patients.
Objective: To determine the effectof cardiac diastolic function assessed by echocardiography on exercise capacity
Methodology: The Study was conducted on 100 subjects at Haldiram and Moolchand Heart Centre, PBM Hospital, S.P. Medical College, Bikaner. First a resting echocardiography was performed to evaluate cardiac diastolic function. After echocardiography the subjects were underwent Bruce protocol treadmill test.
Result & Conclusion:: There exists a strong association among VO₂max and diastolic function as observed by E/A and A’s positive correlation with VO₂max and negative correlation of diastolic function indices E,E/E’, LAVI with VO_2max

Background:Snake bite is an occupational hazard for farmers and farm laborers in the Indian
subcontinent. Every year approximately 15,000 people reportedly died due to snake venom
interaction in India alone. However, unreported deaths are estimated to be many times greater
than the reported cases in the subcontinent.
Materials & Methods:ThisCross Sectional Observational Study was carried on sample size of
75 patients of snake bite admitted in Ward/ICU, Department Of Medicine, NSCB Medical
College, and Jabalpur on patients of snake bite reporting from all over mahakaushal area of
central India from March 2017 to August 2018.
Results: CPK-MB analysis shown to have highest raised values in neurotoxic group that is
32.3±0.9 IU/L which was higher in cases where local signs were prominent, 34.0±1.1 IU/L and
in cases without local signs it was lower 30.7±1.6 IU/L. CPK-MB values were for vasculotoxic
bites was also raised 27.3±1.2 IU/L, while for non-poisonous snake bites it was below upper
limit, 21±2.1 IU/L. A total of 39.2% (n=33) patients shown to have positive ECG findings while
rest 60.7% (n=51) shown no abnormality in electrocardiogram. Analysis of 2D-ECHO findings
was done for pattern of positive findings and found that most common positive finding was
pericardial effusion with 9 (10.71%) patients followed by 6 (7.1%) patients showed diastolic
dysfunction, and 5 (5.9%) patients each shown to have systolic dysfunction and RWMA.
Conclusion: CPK-MBanalysis shown to have highest raised values in neurotoxic group which
was higher in cases where local signs were prominent, and in cases without local signs it was
lower. Abnormal ECG was significant predictor of mortality in vasculotoxic snake bites.
Echocardiography was a significant predictor of mortality in neurotoxic bites.

Background:Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways in which many
cells and cellular elements play a role particularly mast cells, eosinophils, T lymphocytes,
macrophages, neutrophils and epithelial cells.Chronic bronchial asthma may cause pulmonary
arterial hypertension which causes RV hypertrophy and dilatation as well as systolic and
diastolic RV dysfunction. The level of right ventricular diastolic dysfunction depends on the
degree of right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular resistance.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study wasto evaluatethe ventricular functions in patients with
bronchial asthma using Traditional Echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging.
Patients and methods:This was a cross sectional study that included thirty-eight patients with
bronchial asthma. All patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination and
they underwent Echocardiography.
Results:Tricuspid and mitral E wave velocities were significantly lower among cases. Tricuspid
and mitral A wave Velocities were significantly higher among cases. No significant
differencewas found regarding any of the measured cardiac dimensions. No significant
statistical difference regarding fractional shortening was found.Right ventricular myocardial
performance (MPI) was higher in case group when compared to control group with no
significant statistical difference.
Conclusion:Early and late biventricular diastolic dysfunction was detectable in children with
bronchial asthma using conventionalDoppler echocardiography. The absolute value of right
ventricular tissue Doppler-derived MPI was increased in cases of bronchial asthma compared
with control subjects although the difference did not reach statistical significance.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability in countries around the world, with ST segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) leading the way. Despite advances such as the widespread introduction of many effective drugs, angioplasty and surgical treatments into clinical practice, CVD kills 17.3 million people annually, accounting for 30% of all deaths worldwide. This figure is projected to increase to 23.6 million by 2030. In the world, including in Uzbekistan, over the past two decades there has been an increase in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular pathology.

Background:Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the top most cause of death in the world. As per world health organization (WHO), greater number of people die of CVDs than any other cause.Out of the CVDs predominant mortality is attributed to coronary artery disease(CAD) which includes stable CAD and unstable CAD (which can manifest as unstable angina, NSTEMI or STEMI) . Hence the present study was undertaken at our tertiary care centre to assess different indices of RV function by Echocardiography within 48 hours of onset of symptoms in 1st episode of acute IWMI and to correlate it with the site of lesion in CAG.

Correlation dependence of the parameters of N - terminal cerebral natriuretic (NT-ProBNP) peptide and echocardiographic parameters for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in children with CHD. For the study, 81 children aged 1 to 34 months were examined. The first group of CHD children without pulmonary hypertension, the second group - 56 CHD children with pulmonary hypertension. The results of our study show a statistically significant relationship between NT-ProBNP levels and structural features and pancreatic function during the development of PH with CHD.

Cardiomyopathy is a severe pathology, which requires careful
study of clinical parameters and data of functional diagnostics methods (ECG,
ECHO) for early detection. The study aimed to study the role of clinical and
instrumental, biochemical, and immunological investigation methods for early
detection and prognosis of cardiomyopathy course in children. Materials and
methods of study: 85 children with cardiomyopathy under 18 years of age were
examined, including 60 children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP), 16
children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) and 9 children with
restriction cardiomyopathy (RCMP) who were hospitalized in the
cardioreumatology department of the Republican Specialized Scientific-
Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics of the Ministry of Health of the Republic
of Uzbekistan. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy children.