European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Through the selection of resistant mutants, activation of latent resistance mechanisms, or acquisition of resistance determinants genes, bacteria may become more resistant after exposure. All of these processes may be sped up by antibiotic pressure.Objectives: To evaluate appropriate investigations and ascertain the condition of antibiotic resistance. Methods: After a thorough search of the online journals, 103 documents were found in total, and 54 of the papers were initially chosen. Then, 22 similar/duplicate articles were removed, leaving 41 investigations that were initially available. After reviewing the submissions' abstracts and titles, 17 more articles were disqualified. Finally, 21 papers that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion requirements were selected, including study articles and control trials.Results: All the 21 articles reported extensive antibiotic resistance to antimicrobial therapies, especially in cases of gram-negative bacterium. Conclusion: Finding strategies that can effectively lessen the burden of bacterial resistance towards antibiotics is the primary concern, whether they are applied in a variety of settings or are precisely tailored to the resources available and the most effective pathogen-drug combinations in a given environment.

Background: Traditionally, prolonged courses (4 to 6 weeks) of intravenous antibiotics have been recommended for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, largely because of concerns that infective endocarditis or other complications, such as deep infection foci or metastatic infections. The present study was conducted to assess prevalence of persistent bacteraemia in patients with non-staphylococcal infective endocarditis.
Materials & Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess prevalence of persistent bacteraemia in patients with non-staphylococcal infective endocarditis. Demographic data and clinical history were taken. Blood cultures were incubated. All statistical analyses were performed by using R software environment.
Results: A total 540 records were screened. Of these, 90 patients were eligible for inclusion. Of 90 patients, 77.77% (70 patients) received antimicrobial therapy effective against the causative microorganism within 24 h of the first culture. Out of 70 patients, only 5 (4.4%) had a positive blood culture after 2 days of effective antimicrobial therapy, meeting the definition of persistent bacteraemia: 3 patients (7.1%) with prosthetic valve endocarditis and 2 with native valve endocarditis. 4 out of 5 patients with persistent bacteraemia had Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis, the other 1 had endocarditis by non-HACEK-gram-negative bacteria.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that prevalence of persistent bacteraemia in patients with non-staphylococcal infective endocarditis was 7.14%.