European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Objective. The purpose of this work is to give a systematic review of the research on the best methods for treating severe pain in hospitalized patients. Background: The value of effective pain management in perioperative settings in improving patients' ability to cope with and recover from acute diseases cannot be emphasized. The VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of acute post-operative pain have been extensively embraced even though many of their recommendations are based on expert consensus rather than scientific facts. Methods: From January 2019 through April 2022, we searched Medline, PubMed Clinical Queries, and the Cochrane Database for systematic studies on the assessment and management of acute pain in inpatients, including those with poor self-report or pharmaceutical reliance. To better understand the effects of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for nonsurgical pain, we conducted a systematic literature analysis of trials addressing assessment timing and frequency. Two researchers analyzed the available literature critically and wrote narrative summaries to answer the research questions. Conclusions: Hospitalized patients frequently experience excruciating pain. The evaluation and treatment of pain in this situation are best governed by clinical studies.

Background: Since ancient times, seizures have affected individuals worldwide. Up to 10% of the population will have a seizure in their lifetime, most often in early childhood and late adulthood. Adult seizures have a distinct aetiology than childhood seizures and require special attention. Head trauma, CNS infections, space-occupying lesions, cerebrovascular accident, metabolic diseases, and medications are possible causes of adult-onset seizures