European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

This review aims to explore the use of cell block cytology in the diagnosis of oral lesions
Background: Utilizing the science of cytopathology is cost effective, fast, simple and accurate. Over the years, with the improvements in technical aspects and the appearance of cell block technique in cytopathology, the gold standard of “must have tissue to make an accurate diagnosis” is rapidly changing.
Review results: The review identified articles on use of cell block technique in oral lesions. The current research studies on this technique for oral lesions are very sparse. Most of the identified studies were limited to odontogenic lesions.
Conclusion: Though the cell block technique is being practiced for more than a century now for non-oral lesions, its practice among head and neck lesions is not up to par. Being cost effective, fast, simple, accurate and requires only a small tissue sample, its utilizing in oral diseases needs to be explored further

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, which provides a very quick preliminary diagnosis with no harm to the patient and at a far cheaper cost than surgical biopsy, is commonly utilized in the analysis of lesions from diverse body sites. The ability to quickly and accurately diagnose with little invasiveness with FNAC is crucial. Materials & Methods: All patients with clinically enlarged peripheral swellings who presented to the pathology department are included. All FNAC samples of enlarged peripheral swellings were used to prepare air dried and alcohol fixed CSs to be stained with MGG stain or H&E stain respectively and to prepare CB by Plasma - Thromboplastin method and the sections were stained with H&E and specific stain as per diagnostic requirement. Results: A total of 51 patients were enrolled in this study between the Age of 10 to 90 yrs. The mean age of present study participants was 46.27± 18.43 year and cases within the age range of 46-60 years (31.4%) constituted the largest group. In the Conventional smear benign cases were 23.5% while in CB it was 21.6% observed. Malignancies were found in 37.3% while in CB it was reported 25.5%. This distribution was statistically significant (p value<0.05). Conclusion: The current study conclude that CS has a good correlation with malignant lesions, with adequate cellularity, clear visibility of nucleus and cytoplasm and wellpreserved architecture. However, blood obscuring and cellular degeneration is encountered more frequently. CB can hence be used as a supplement in arriving at an accurate diagnosis.

Background: Diagnosis of carcinomatous cells in peritoneal and pleural effusions is important for staging procedures and resulting therapeutic decisions. Various methods are available like routine smears, cell blocks, liquid based cytology etc. for cytological diagnosis. Difficulties are often faced to detect site of primary in carcinomatous effusions due to overlap in the morphologic features from various sites. Various ancillary studies have been used to increase the diagnostic accuracy of cytology. Immunocytochemical analysis is the most commonly used “special” technique and often involves the use of a panel of antibodies. Neoplasms of breast, lung is most common cause of carcinomatous pleural effusion in females and males respectively. Most common primary neoplasms causing carcinomatous peritoneal effusions in females are carcinomas of ovary and in males common sites of carcinomatous effusion include colon, rectum and stomach. The aim of this study is to immunocytochemically evaluate carcinomatous peritoneal effusions in females using cell block.
Materials and Methods: Study included 850 cases of effusion in one and a half years of which 50 (5.9 %) were positive for malignancy. Most patients were in age group of 40-60 years, Cell blocks were made of effusion fluids and immunocytochemical markers Calretenin,CK 7, CDX-2,WT-1,PAX-8 were used.
Results: 44 cell blocks (88%) were adequate in terms of cellularity and malignant cells. Out of 44 , 38 were peritoneal fluids. 35/38 (92%) were concluded as ovarian primary, 03/38 (8%) as gall bladder primary. All the cases showed positivity for CK7, none of them showed positivity for Calretenin ruling out possibility of mesothelioma. We concluded the positivity of WT-1 in 18 out of 35 cases (51.42 %) with a sensitivity of 51.4 %, specificity of 100 %, PPV of 100 %, NPV of 34.6 %. PAX-8 was positive in 25 out of 35 cases (71.43 %) with a sensitivity of 71.43 %, specificity of 100 %, PPV of 100 %,NP V of 47.37 %. On combining WT-1 and PAX-8 the sensitivity increased to 74.29 %, specificity of 100 %, PPV of 100 %, NPV of 50 %.
Conclusion: PAX-8 is more sensitive marker than WT-1 for peritoneal effusion with ovarian primary. Sensitivity further increases on combining both the markers. CDX-2 were positive in all the 3/3 cases of Gastrointestinal tract with Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of 100 %.