European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: A good understanding of the clinico-pathological presentation and treatment of solitary thyroid nodules is crucial since they might signify a variety of thyroid diseases. In light of this, the current study aims to assess the clinico-pathological presentation and care of a single thyroid nodule at Krishna Rajendra Hospital in Mysore.
Methods: During the 18-month period from January 2011 to July 2012, 55 patients with clinically determined solitary thyroid nodules were enrolled in this prospective study. They were admitted to the Department of Surgery at K R Hospital, which is affiliated with MMC & RI, Mysore. All patients underwent a thyroid profile, USG, FNAC, and histo-pathological evaluated, operated, and were properly followed up.
Results: The majority of cases 43(78%) of solitary nodule thyroid presented between the third and fifth decade. These cases were more prevalent in women (89.1%) and were in a euthyroid state (95% ). The swelling in front of the neck was the most typical symptom, and the highest symptom duration was 1-2 years. There were 27 cases of thyroid nodules in the left lobe and 28 cases in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. The majority of the patients 31(56.4%) presented with sizes between 3 and 5 cm. MNG (33%), follicular adenoma (25%), and adenomatous goiter (25%) were its most frequent causes. Most of these were benign (89%) with Incidence of malignancy was about 10.9%. The most common malignancy was papillary carcinoma (67%), followed by follicular carcinoma(33%) Male to female ratio in case of malignant nodule was 1:5. Incidence of carcinoma in males presenting as thyroid nodule was higher 1 out of 6 (16.67%) compared to that of females 5 out of 49 (10.20%). FNAC was an important investigation in the evaluation, Surgery had been the treatment of choice in most of the cases and Transient hypocalcemia was common after total thyroidectomy for malignancies.
Conclusion: Solitary thyroid nodules are more common in women, especially in the age range of 20 to 50 years. They typically present with neck swelling, last for one to two years, and have a nodule in the right thyroid lobe that is between 3 and 5 cm in size, in a euthyroid state, and for the most part, benign in nature. Multi-nodular goitre was the most frequent cause, Papillary carcinoma is the most prevalent thyroid cancer, and surgery had been the preferred course of action.