European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Air leak syndrome is the overarching diagnosis for one or more pathologic air collections present outside of the respiratory tract. Air leak occurs in approximately 10% of neonates with MAS for many presumed reasons including ball-valve effect of the meconium, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, surfactant inactivation, and parenchymal injury. In this study we planned to evaluate the prevalence of air leak syndrome in meconium aspiration syndrome.

The aim of the study was to understand the factors causing meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in relation to gestational age and birth weight and their immediate outcome.
Methods: This study was carried out in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Surabhi institute of medical sciences Siddipet, Telangana. The study included the clinical profile of consecutive 50 cases of meconium aspiration syndrome admitted to the above center during the period of July 2021 to January 2023.
Results: The mean birth weight of babies with MAS was 2.68 kg (1.7- 4 kgs). In these study, maximum number of cases of MAS were seen in babies with birth weight between 2- 2.4kgs (n=19, 38%), followed by babies with birth weight between 2.5-2.9 kg (n=16, 32%). Babies with birth weight between 3-3.4 formed 22% (n=11) of cases. MAS were also seen in preterm babies. 4 (8%) cases were of 34-36 weeks of gestation and 4 cases (8%) belonged to 36-38 weeks of gestation. None of the cases were below 34 weeks of gestation. In this study of babies with MAS, the most common complication was birth asphyxia in (38%, n=19) of cases, followed by ARF in (n=10, 20%) cases. Septicemia was seen in 18% (n=9) cases, pneumothorax in 8% (n=4), pulmonary hemorrhage in 4% (n=2) and pneumonia in 4%. (n=2) of cases.
Conclusion: MAS is an entity which is commonly seen in term and post term babies with birth weight >2.5 kg. There is a significant correlation between the birth weight and outcome in MAS. When thick meconium stained liquor is noted prior to birth, anticipation is necessary and non vigorous babies need aggressive management and possibly early ventilation. Asphyxiated babies should be followed up astutely. Continuous monitoring and early intervention, followed by due resuscitation as per guidelines can reduce the morbidity, complications and the mortality in MAS

Background: Respiratory distress (RD) is a challenging problem and is one of the most common causes of admission in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The common causes of RD in neonates includes transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), hyaline membrane disease (HMD), birth asphyxia, pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), and other miscellaneous causes.Present study was aimed to clinical profile of neonates admitted in NICU with respiratory distress in a tertiary care hospital.
Material and Methods: This study was prospective, observational study, conducted in neonates admitted to NICU with respiratory distress.
Results: In present study, majority neonates were male (56.38 %), had birth weight 1.5 – 2.5 kg (46.28 %), were term gestational age (41.49 %) & delivered vaginally (52.13 %). Symptoms and signs of respiratory distress noted were tachypnea (86.17 %), flaring of alae nasi (84.04 %), chest in drawing (82.45 %), grunting (47.34 %) & cyanosis (42.55 %). Premature rupture of membranes (13.83 %), meconium‑stained amniotic fluid (11.17 %), hypertension (9.04 %), maternal pyrexia (5.85 %), foul smelling liquor (2.66 %) & diabetes mellitus (2.13 %) were maternal risk factors observed among neonates with respiratory distress. Among neonates admitted with respiratory distress common diagnosis were transient tachypnea of newborn (34.57 %), sepsis (20.74 %), respiratory distress syndrome (11.17 %), meconium aspiration syndrome (9.04 %), hyaline membrane disease (8.51 %) & birth asphyxia (5.85 %). Majority neonates were discharged uneventfully (86.71 %) & mortality was observed among 16 neonates (8.51 %).
Conclusion: Common diagnosis observed in neonates with respiratory distress were transient tachypnea of newborn, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, hyaline membrane disease & birth asphyxia.

Background: Respiratory distress (RD) is a challenging problem and is one of the most common causes of admission in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The common causes of RD in neonates includes transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), hyaline membrane disease (HMD), birth asphyxia, pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), and other miscellaneous causes.Present study was aimed to clinical profile of neonates admitted in NICU with respiratory distress in a tertiary care hospital.
Material and Methods: This study was prospective, observational study, conducted in neonates admitted to NICU with respiratory distress.
Results: In present study, majority neonates were male (56.38 %), had birth weight 1.5 – 2.5 kg (46.28 %), were term gestational age (41.49 %) & delivered vaginally (52.13 %). Symptoms and signs of respiratory distress noted were tachypnea (86.17 %), flaring of alae nasi (84.04 %), chest in drawing (82.45 %), grunting (47.34 %) & cyanosis (42.55 %). Premature rupture of membranes (13.83 %), meconium‑stained amniotic fluid (11.17 %), hypertension (9.04 %), maternal pyrexia (5.85 %), foul smelling liquor (2.66 %) & diabetes mellitus (2.13 %) were maternal risk factors observed among neonates with respiratory distress. Among neonates admitted with respiratory distress common diagnosis were transient tachypnea of newborn (34.57 %), sepsis (20.74 %), respiratory distress syndrome (11.17 %), meconium aspiration syndrome (9.04 %), hyaline membrane disease (8.51 %) & birth asphyxia (5.85 %). Majority neonates were discharged uneventfully (86.71 %) & mortality was observed among 16 neonates (8.51 %).
Conclusion: Common diagnosis observed in neonates with respiratory distress were transient tachypnea of newborn, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, hyaline membrane disease & birth asphyxia.

Background: The presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is a serious sign of fetal compromise, which is associated with an increase in perinatal morbidity, clear amniotic fluid on the other hand is considered reassuring. A study by Mathews and Warshaw found that in 98.4% of cases with meconium stained liquor, the neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units, these were delivered at 37 weeks of gestational age or later as it shows maturation of autonomic nervous system. MSAF occurs in 10% of pregnancies with most occurring at term or particularly post term. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of clear liquor and meconium stained liquor on time and mode of delivery and to find out neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with meconium stained amniotic fluid.
Aim: To correlate the maternal and neonatal factors contributing to morbidly related to Meconium stained amniotic fluid.