European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Aim: To evaluate cardiac co-morbidities in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus using 2d echocardiography.
Method and material: This research comprised 100 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellites individuals who were clinically asymptomatic, had blood pressure of 130/80mmHg, and had a normal ECG. All patients underwent FBS, PPBS, Renal function tests, including electrolytes, Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), urine routine and microscopy, ECG, Fundoscopy, Chest x-ray, and Echocardiography.
Results: In the current research, 100 asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus patients received 2-D echocardiography, with men (75%) outnumbering women (25%). The most prevalent age groups were 45-55 years and 55-65 years (30% apiece), with under 45 years (22%). Diastolic dysfunction was detected on 2-D echocardiography in 22 individuals (22%). Diastolic dysfunction of grades I, II, and III was seen in 12%, 7%, and 3% of patients, respectively. In present study, reduced early mitral inflow velocity was noted in 10 cases (10%) and mitral annular early diastolic velocity was noted in 19 cases (19%). We discovered that when HbA1c levels rise, so does the degree of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; this difference was statistically significant (Chi-square test, p value 0.001). Three cases with grade 3 diastolic dysfunction had HbA1c >9.5, two cases with HbA1c >9.5 had grade 2 diastolic dysfunction, and six cases with HbA1c >9.5 had grade 1 diastolic dysfunction, all of which had LVDD.
Conclusion: Screening for cardiovascular abnormalities by 2D Echo is indicated in all newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes melites patients, with or without cardiovascular symptoms, so that early measures may be done to avoid further development of symptomatic cardiovascular abnormalities.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading cause of multisystem involvement
resulting in significant comorbidities. Various cardiac disorders such as dilated
cardiomyopathy, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and myocardial infarction have been
frequently associated with diabetes mellitus. Present study was aimed to study cardiac comorbidities
in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with help of 2D
echocardiography.
Material and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in patients, 18-70
years, of either gender, newly diagnosed Diabetes mellitus type 2 based on Fasting blood
sugar/ Post prandial blood sugar/HbA1c, willing to participate in the study.
Results: Out of 175 patients, 74 patients belonged to age group 51-60, which is the most
commonly affected age group. Out of 175 patients, 109 (62%) patients were male and 66
(38%) patients were females. Most of the patients had HbA1c` in the range of 7-10%, 139
patients (79%), whereas the least number of patients were in the 6.5-7% group, 5 patients
(3%) Most of the patients had normal cardiac diastolic function, whereas only 15 (8%)
patients restrictive filling (grade 3 diastolic dysfunction). Grade 2 and 3 diastolic dysfunction
was more common in a higher age range i.e. 51-60 and >60 years whereas it was absent in
less than 40 year. Diastolic dysfunction was more common in patients having proteinuria
>200 mg/dl, higher serum cholesterol levels, hba1c levels > 10% and in patents having E/e’
ratio higher than 14. 47 patients were systolic dysfunction <50% with hba1c less than 10%,
whereas only 3 patients had EF <50% with hba1c >10%.
Conclusion: Cardiac diastolic dysfunction is observed in patients of diabetes mellitus 2 more
frequently as compared to systolic dysfunction.

With the speed of MDCT acquisition, most young children can be imaged either with sedation or unsedated with feed and wrap. Contrast medium injection should optimally be through a large (20g minimum) cannula with pump injection, but a hand injection may also produce adequate results. Contrast agent bolus timing is important and may be crucial for optimal image quality, vessel delineation and diagnostic confidence. The study was carried out after the approval from the ethics committee. All the patients were explained about the possible adverse effects of contrast medium injection and radiation exposure. Informed signed consent was taken. We can see that in our study MDCT has a very high sensitivity ranging from 80% to 100% and specificity ranging from 80 to 90%. The P value is highly significant.