European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The current study aims at bacterial and fungal etiology of Cholesteatoma in patients attending tertiary care hospital. Cholesteatoma is an abnormal, noncancerous skin growth that can develop in the middle section of ear, behind the eardrum. It is a complication of chronic suppurative otitis media. With the informed consent, 70 patients with Cholesteatoma were included; 42 (60%) were male and 28 (40%) were female, and the mean age was 11-50 years. Materials and methods- Cholesteatoma sac and 2 preoperative swabs were collected from ENT OPD patients complaining of earache and discharge. Results- Out of 70 patients, 28 were sterile samples, 40 (41.7%) showed aerobic bacteria and 2 (1.3%) had fungal etiologies. Conclusion- Gram negative pathogen forms most aural swabs and Cholesteatoma sacs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant isolate 18(25.7%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus
11(15.7%) and their antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done. Though the treatment of Cholesteatoma is surgery but to avoid recurrence, the use of proper antibiotics by knowing the antibiogram will lead to a decrease in the prevalence of microbial growth and recurrence of Cholesteatoma.

Aim: To determine the functional outcome of endoscopic composite cartilage tympanoplasty in patients having chronic otitis media with safe central perforation (small or medium).
Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 100 chronic otitis media cases with safe central perforation (small/medium) in the department of Otorhinolaryngology, RVM Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Laxmakkapally, Telangana, India for the period of 1 year. All the patients were selected as per the described inclusion and exclusion criteria. All cases underwent endoscopic composite cartilage graft tympanoplasty (type-I) under general anesthesia. Audiological outcomes were assessed by comparing mean pure tone average pre-and post-operatively and morphological results (successful graft uptake) were evaluated at 6 months.
Results: The result of this study showed graft uptake success in 94 cases and failure was seen in 6 cases. The pre-operative ACT was 44.8±6.1 dB whereas postoperatively it was 29.61±6.31 dB and the difference between the pre-operative and post-operative values was found to be statistically significant.
Conclusions: We conducted an endoscopic composite cartilage graft tympanoplasty (type-I) in 50 cases and observed a graft uptake success rate of 94%. There was good uptake of graft along with improvement in the audiological profile of the patients.

Background- Hearing loss and ear diseases can present at birth or acquired as a result of illness, middle-ear disease, injury, age, ototoxic medications, and/or induced by exposure to loud sound. People living with hearing impairment face problems in language acquisition, education, employment and overall wellbeing.
Objectives - This study aimed to assess the prevalence and profile of middle ear diseases in patients coming to tertiary care centre and teaching hospital in Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh.
Methods -A retrospective study was carried out at a tertiary care centre and teaching hospital in Varanasi. The study involved patients of all age groups with ear disease coming to Ear Nose Throat Out Patient Department whose records were registered. Patients with external ear disease, inner ear disease, and those coming to emergency with trauma were excluded from the study. Institutional Review Committee clearance was taken.
Result -A total of 4514 patients aged between 10 months and 88 years underwent examinations including otoscopy, examination under microscope, pure tone audiometry and impedance audiometry. Out of these 4514 patients, 453 were diagnosed with middle ear diseases which is 10.06 % of patients attending ENT OPD.
Conclusion -In this study it is seen that chronic otitis media (mucosal type) is the most common among middle ear diseases and most patients were of age group 16-30 years

Objective: Active chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the bacterial chronic infection
of middle ear cleft mucosa and treated with antibiotics empirically, which may cause resistance
to bacterial strains. In this study, we studied the bacteriology and susceptibility pattern in
CSOM for efficient empirical treatment especially in central India.
Methods: Clinically proven 160 patients with CSOM with otorrhea, were included in our
study. Ear discharge samples were collected with the asepsis method and bacterial culture and
antibiotics sensitivity patterns were obtained.
Results: Bacterial growth was present in 76.1% of ear samples with Staphylococcus and
Pseudomonas being most prominent. Vancomycin and Rifampicin were most effective for
staphylococcus and amoxicillin and quinolones were most resistant. Meropenem and
Piperacillin/tazobactam were the most effective antipseudomonal antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin
and Levofloxacin were least sensitive antipseudomonal quinolones.
Conclusion: Amoxicillin with quinolones were highly resistant for bacterial growth in-ear
samples so used cautiously as empirical therapy in CSOM. For effective treatment of CSOM
and prevention of resistant strain emergence, all ear samples must be sent for culture sensitivity.