European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Head and neck cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer, constituting 3% of all localizations. In 48% of instances, oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an ErbB family tyrosine kinase receptor expressed in solid tumours, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCCs have various clinicopathological characteristics and a dismal prognosis.
Martial and Methods: 160 HNSCCs were studied in the Department of Pathology, Mallareddy Medical College for women 18 months [Nov 2020-April 2022] for the immunoexpression of Cyclin D1 and Ki 67 with relation to histopathological grade and various clinical parameters such as age, gender, history of smoking, alcohol consumption, tobacco chewing, anatomical site involvement, lymph node status, and cancer stage wherever available.
Results: 113 of 160 cases were male; 47 were female. 106 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (66.25%) were male and drank. 26 of 160 cases were radical neck dissected. 73% of patients had metastatic lymph nodes. 14 cases (66.6%) had >50% immunoreactive cells. 13 of 21 patients (62 %) were Ki-67 immunopositive. Lymph node-positive HNSCC had higher Cyclin D1 and Ki 67 immunoexpression. In 160 of 29 patients, cyclin D1 positive was unrelated to clinical stage. Stage IV tumours (66.6 %) had the highest Ki 67 values, followed by stage III. Higher pathogenic stages enhanced Ki 67 expression (p=0.037). Cyclin D1 and KI 67 immunoexpression correlated with lymph node metastases (p = 0.005 and 0.008, respectively).
Conclusion: The present investigation found a link between Cyclin D1 and Ki 67 immunoexpression correlated with histopathological grade and lymph node status, and Ki 67 with advanced tumor stage.

Introduction: The present study aims to detect Cyclin D1 gene numerical aberrations in blood samples of OSCCs patients (50) and controls (30) by using fluorescence in situ hybridization technique (FISH) along with risk factors.
Materials and Methods: Present study is an observational, retrospective Case control study comprising samples from North Indian population. Peripheral blood samples were collected randomly from histological confirmed 50 OSCC patients from outpatient department (OPD) of Oncology and ENT of regional tertiary care hospital, and also from 30 healthy controls of 25 years or above age. FISH interphase technique was used to detect the numerical aberrations of Cyclin D1 using the Vysis protocol (Vysis CCND1 CEP11 FISH Probe Kit, Abbott Molecular Inc. Des Plaines IL 60018 USA). Mean and SD were calculated. Pearson Chi-square and the 2-tailed Fisher's exact test (FET) were used for comparison of parameters association among themselves (P value <0.05).
Results: Cyclin D1 gene numerical aberrations were absent in controls; where as 5 (6.3%) cases were positive in OSCC group. Among positive cases low and high level amplification were found in 3 (3.8%) and 2 (2.5%) cases respectively. Other than all factors measured Cyclin D1 gene aberrations showed a significant association only with lymph node metastasis (P=0.004) and stage of Carcinoma (P=0.001) respectively.
Conclusions: The present study suggests the prognostic importance of blood as a medium for assessing Cyclin D1aberrations in advance stage OSCC patients.