European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Aim: To evaluate cardiac co-morbidities in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus using 2d echocardiography.
Method and material: This research comprised 100 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellites individuals who were clinically asymptomatic, had blood pressure of 130/80mmHg, and had a normal ECG. All patients underwent FBS, PPBS, Renal function tests, including electrolytes, Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), urine routine and microscopy, ECG, Fundoscopy, Chest x-ray, and Echocardiography.
Results: In the current research, 100 asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus patients received 2-D echocardiography, with men (75%) outnumbering women (25%). The most prevalent age groups were 45-55 years and 55-65 years (30% apiece), with under 45 years (22%). Diastolic dysfunction was detected on 2-D echocardiography in 22 individuals (22%). Diastolic dysfunction of grades I, II, and III was seen in 12%, 7%, and 3% of patients, respectively. In present study, reduced early mitral inflow velocity was noted in 10 cases (10%) and mitral annular early diastolic velocity was noted in 19 cases (19%). We discovered that when HbA1c levels rise, so does the degree of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; this difference was statistically significant (Chi-square test, p value 0.001). Three cases with grade 3 diastolic dysfunction had HbA1c >9.5, two cases with HbA1c >9.5 had grade 2 diastolic dysfunction, and six cases with HbA1c >9.5 had grade 1 diastolic dysfunction, all of which had LVDD.
Conclusion: Screening for cardiovascular abnormalities by 2D Echo is indicated in all newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes melites patients, with or without cardiovascular symptoms, so that early measures may be done to avoid further development of symptomatic cardiovascular abnormalities.

Malnutrition in children continues to dominate the health scenario in India and other developing countries especially in South East Asia. More than one fourth of under 5 children worldwide (150 million) are under weight. 27% (182 million) are stunted, while 10% are wasted. Of all children under the age of five years in developing countries about 31% are under weight, 38% have stunted growth and 9% have wasting. All Children of age 6 months to 60 months admitted to the Paediatric ward, fulfilling the inclusion criteria, during the study period, was included in the study. In our study, ARI with 44.08% is the most common co-morbidity affected, followed by acute gastroenteritis with 27.96%, followed by sepsis with 8.53% followed by UTI with 8.06%, followed by meningitis with 4.27%, followed by malaria with 2.84%, Tuberculosis with 2.84% and skin infection with 1.42%.