European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract
Background: Acute GE(gastroenteritis) causes diarrhea which contributes to malnutrition through reduction in food intake, decrease in absorption of nutrients and increase in catabolism of nutrient reserves. Malnutrition reduces the immunity to defend against diseases and recurrent infections in turn deprive the body of essential nutrients, which causes a vicious cycle. This study has been taken up with the aim to assess the child’s nutritional status and recommend appropriate dietary regimen to manage the condition and prevent its recurrence.

Background: Though the earlier studies reported that there will be loss of magnesium and calcium ions in the patients with acute gastro enteritis, the exact measure was not provided.
Objective: The present study was undertaken to measure the levels of the calcium and magnesium in the patients of acute gastroenteritis. This information helps to plan adequate treatment in these patients.
Materials and methods: A total of 50 patients with acute gastroenteritis aged more than 18 years including both male and females were part of the study after obtaining the written, voluntary informed consent. Unwilling participants were excluded from the study. Patients with any severe complications were also excluded from the study
Results; Out of fifty participants, 20 participants were males and 30 participants were females. The range for calcium was found from 6.7 to 10.7 mmol/l. Majority of the patients have the calcium levels in the range of 7.7-8.7 mmol/l. The range for magnesium is 0.1-3.1 mg/dl. Majority of the patients have level of magnesium in the range of 2.1-3.1 mg/dl.
Conclusion: Significant decline in the serum calcium and magnesium levels was observed in the patients with gastro enteritis. The study results support the results of earlier studies. The study recommends the need of future studies with involving multiple centers and multiple samples to plan adequate treatment strategies for management of diarrhea cases and to prevent death of these patients.

Background : Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common cause of hospital admission in adult males. Zinc is the second most abundant mineral in the body involved in the cell growth, cell division and regulation of immune system activity. In studies, zinc administration has been effective in improving gastroenteritis in adults. However, rare studies have been conducted on this subject.  The present study aimed to compare the serum zinc level between males with febrile Urinary Tract infection & healthy males as control.
Objective : This study was performed to compare serum zinc level between males with febrile UTI and healthy males.
Method :
In this case-control study, serum zinc levels for 50 adult males of more than 50 years of agewith urinary tract infections were compared with the serum zinc levels of the same number of healthy males in the control group who were matched in terms of location and age. Using SPSS ver. 18, univariate analysis was performed through t-test, correlation coefficient; and multivariate analysis was carried out through multiple regression tests. Significant level was considered as less than 0.05.
Results: There was a weak correlation between age and serum zinc level (r=-0.203, p=0.043). Mean serum zinc level of the test group and the control group were 74.31 (±15.01) and 94.41 (±9.12)  microgram/deciliter (p=0.001), respectively. The group with UTIs had lower zinc levels than the control group (p=0.010, R2=0.366).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, serum zinc levels of people with urinary tract infections were lower than that in the control group. It seems that zinc levels are a risk factor for urinary tract infections.

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common cause of hospital admission in adult males. Zinc is the second most abundant mineral in the body involved in the cell growth, cell division and regulation of immune system activity. In studies, zinc administration has been effective in improving gastroenteritis in adults. However, rare studies have been conducted on this subject. The present study aimed to compare the serum zinc level between males with febrile Urinary Tract infection & healthy males as control.
Objective: This study was performed to compare serum zinc level between males with febrile UTI and healthy males.
Method: In this case-control study, serum zinc levels for 50 adult males of more than 50 years of age with urinary tract infections were compared with the serum zinc levels of the same number of healthy males in the control group who were matched in terms of location and age. Using SPSS ver. 18, univariate analysis was performed through t-test, correlation coefficient; and multivariate analysis was carried out through multiple regression tests. Significant level was considered as less than 0.05.
Results: There was a weak correlation between age and serum zinc level (r=-0.203, p=0.043). Mean serum zinc level of the test group and the control group were 74.31 (±15.01) and 94.41 (±9.12) microgram/deciliter (p=0.001), respectively. The group with UTIs had lower zinc levels than the control group (p=0.010, R2=0.366).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, serum zinc levels of people with urinary tract infections were lower than that in the control group. It seems that zinc levels are a risk factor for urinary tract infections.

Background
Antibiotics are the most commonly used drug group in hospitalized patients and primary health clinics as they are all over the world. Inappropriate or unnecessary use of antibiotics leads to adverse effects related with antibiotics, occurrence of resistant microorganisms, and increased therapeutic cost. With the Budgeting Application Instruction, which entered into force in 2003 for controlling antibiotic use, approval of an infectious disease specialist (IDS) was required for use of some differences in antibiotic knowledge and attitudes between parents of Medicaid-insured. It is unknown whether understanding has improved and whether previously identified differences persist.Efforts to reduce antibiotic misuse and overuse are necessary to curb additional increases in antibiotic resistance in developed and developing countries also in KSA saw increases in antibiotic use for children during the last 2 decades, no educational campaigns for patients and professionals, and introduction of new vaccines. ​
Aim of the study: To assessment of prevalence of antibiotic use for pediatric acute viral gastroenteritis attending the primary health clinics in Makah city in Saudi Arabia 2019.
Method: This is a cross-sectional study, thirty questions of children years of age who had suffered from acute gastroenteritis during the March to June, 2019 was conducted attending the primary health care centers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. our total participants were (80).
Results:Oral antibiotics were preferred by 45.0% followed by intravenous route (30.0%), and intramuscular route in 8.75%. Antibiotics less than week were prescribed in about 43.0%. Duration from 7-14 days was recorded by 20%. Long-term antibiotics were prescribed by 3.0%. Questioning about the seasonal break out of viral gastroenteritis as stated by study individuals.
Conclusion: must be Antibiotic use based on consultation with an infectious diseases specialist decreased inappropriate antibiotic use. Acute gastroenteritis is a major source of morbidity and mortality among young children in developed and developing countries. Enter pathogenic viruses are regarded as particularly relevant causative agents.