European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The natural consequences of ageing can lead to edentulism as well as the loss of muscle tonicity of the face. This can cause unesthetic appearance, functional impairment and thus disturbed psychosocial life. Sunken cheek is one of the major findings of edentulism. It can be managed with conventional maxillary and mandibular denture prosthesis. However additional support may be required in special cases. Cheek plumper prosthesis provides the extra support and restores the facial esthetics; thereby enhancing the self esteem of the patient. This clinical report describes a simplified technique for the management of sunken cheeks and esthetic rehabilitation by using detachable cheek plumpers which can be easily fabricated and attached to the conventional maxillary complete denture with crosspin

Orthodontic treatment involving clear polyurethane aligners has started dominating the market. Although it has existed for almost two decades now, it is not indicated for all type of patients. Controversies exists in the aligners treatment indications. Some indicate that they should be used in orthodontic cases without skeletal disharmonies with mild crowding, whereas others have suggested that Invisalign may be suitable for even moderately complex orthodontic cases. In this review, a basic idea of the aligners and recent advances are discussed.

Dental implant placement using flapless surgery is minimally invasive technique which improves blood supply compared with flapped surgery. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical parameters following implant surgery in healed sites, using 2 procedures: flapped vs flapless surgery. A detailed electronic search was carried out in the PubMed/Medline, Scholar Library databases. The focused question was, what is the efficacy of flapless surgery compared to the flapped approach?” .All the studies included with a prospective controlled design were considered separately, depending on whether they are being conducted on animals or humans. The following data were recorded in all studies: number of implants, failures, location (maxilla, mandible), type of rehabilitation (partial or single), follow up and flap design. The variables selected for comparison in animal studies were : flap design, gingival index, mucosal height, recession and probing pocket depth. In humans studies the variables were as follows: flap design, plaque index, gingival index, recession, probing pocket depth, papilla index and keratinized gingiva. Results: Ten studies were included, of which 2 are excluded because of irrelevance, out of which 6 where human studies and 2 were animal studies. Results obtained showed that human studies proved that the flapless implant approach proved to be efficient over flapped approach whereas the animal studies showed no significant differences between the two.

Esthetics in orthodontics has been defined mainly in terms of profile enhancement, but if you ask lay people what an orthodontist does, their answers will usually include something about creating beautiful smiles. This article is an overview of smile esthetics and its analysis in orthodontics.

The dental arch form is defined as the shape formed by the configuration of the bony ridge of the jaw. Arch form dimension and variations have been studied by several authors. Consideration of the arch form is of utmost importance, because it is crucial that the arch form should be examined before starting upon the treatment as this gives valuable information about the position into which teeth can be moved if they are to be stable following treatment. Different methods have been developed to describe the dental arch morphology ranging from simple classification of arch shape through combinations of linear dimensions to complex mathematical equations.This study is a cross sectional retrospective study which has been undertaken in a university setting. Case records of 300 class II division 1 malocclusion patients in the age group of 12- 40years were included for the study and an analysis was done on different dental arch forms prevalent in class II division 1 malocclusion. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for association of arch form with gender, age group of the included records in SPSS software by IBM. Chi- square test was performed,frequency distribution was performed. No significant statistical association between gender and arch form , age group and arch form in class II div 1 malocclusion was seen.

included patient’s details were collected by assessing the report from the data of 86,000 patients between June 2019 and March 2020 .The inclusion criteria were : Patient’s name, age, gender and PID and Patient’s who underwent Fixed Dental Prosthesis.From this we obtained 932 patients who underwent Fixed Dental Prosthesis.Data was tabulated in Excel and imported to SPSS.The type of statistical analysis used in this study was Correlation and Association. From this, we observed people of age range 31-40years received FPD at a higher rate (34.05%) and people of 20-30 years (26.96%),
>50years (20.62%), 41-50yrs (18.37%) which was lesser comparatively.Males received FPD at a higher rate (53.60%) than females (46.19%) and transgenders (0.21%).The association between the gender and age of patients who received FPD was done by Chi square test (Chi-square value - 46.955a; P-value : 0.000). Since, P(<0.05) there was a higher significance between the age and gender of patients who received FPD.The prevalence rate of Fixed Dental Prosthesis was found to be 1% since out of 86,000 patients visited dental college 932 patients had Fixed Dental Prosthesis. This study shows that as age increases people show less preference for prosthetic restoration to replace missing teeth no matter what the reason, maybe. Steps should be taken to educate every possible patient about the importance of replacement of missing teeth since it can affect general health and can also cause damage to the adjacent tooth.

Background:Due to the increasing esthetic demands in today's world it becomes necessary to study various treatment options which enhance an overall aesthetics of an individual. One of the most important topics in contemporary dentistry is re-establishing a patient lost dental esthetic appearance. In cases where aesthetics plays an important role such as restoring the anterior teeth, clinicians mostly prefer a conservative yet aesthetic approach instead of restoring the teeth with full coverage crowns. In such situations direct and indirect veneers play an important role. So therefore, it becomes necessary to study direct and indirect veneers.Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of direct and indirect veneers used in smile correction.Materials and Methods:It is designed as a retrospective study. A total of 111 patient records where veneering with direct and indirect technique was planned were acquired. It was done by analysing records of 86000 patient data who were treated from March 2019- March 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the frequency and percentages of direct and indirect veneers . Chi square test was used to evaluate the association between age and gender with the type of veneering technique. SPSS version 20 software was used to perform statistics.Results: Out of the total cases evaluated, 78. 4 % of the cases were planned for indirect veneering and 21.6% of the cases were planned for direct veneering. There was a significant association between age of the patient and the type veneering technique planned p value 0.001 and no significant association between the type of veneering and gender of the patient p value 0.790Conclusion:Within the limitations of the study, Indirect veneering technique was found to be more convenient and it was performed much more as compared to that of direct veneering technique. There is a positive association between age of the patient and type of veneering technique planned for them.