European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: This discussion on technology as a possible solution to difficulties such as a lack of competent personnel and an increasing demand for long-term care necessitates an examination of digital technology in nursing care. We opted to conduct this research since there aren't many good empirical overviews of current technology in the literature. With this project, researchers wanted to map the field of digital technologies used in informal and formal healthcare settings that had already been studied for acceptability, effectiveness, and efficiency (AEE). They also wanted to show how widely these techniques have been applied and which populations and settings they have been used on. Methods: A complete literature search was conducted using Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, the Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies, GeroLit, and CareLit. In addition, relevant articles on project websites were personally examined

the demand for nursing homes has grown as a result of the ageing of the population. "Multi-shift, high time-varying demand, hierarchical and collaborative" characterizes nursing practice. The number of nurses needed in a 24-hour period will vary greatly depending on the time of day; hierarchical means that different levels of nurses' abilities exist; collaborative means that different levels of employees collaborate to serve the elderly. Because of the high time-varying demand, the number of nurses needed in a 24-hour period will vary greatly. SDP and hierarchical staffing issues are the focus of our research, which includes the design of each shift's time frame to accommodate demand times and how to deploy hierarchical employees to the shifts. The two-stage technique will be used to tackle the issue. In the first step, we construct the shift schedule and calculate the number of employees required for each shift based on the characteristics of high timevarying demand. According to the restrictions of hierarchical coordination and collaboration, we calculate the number of employees required for each shift at each level in the second step. Different demand variations are studied and useful conclusions are made from the sensitivity analysis. Our findings may help nursing facilities cope with increased demands and personnel shortages by providing efficient decision-making tools and methodologies

Background
Health care associated infections (HCAI) are one of the most serious and complex worldwide health problems. Commitment to standard precautions (SPs) and infection control (IC) measures are important to all healthcare providers (HCP) to prevent occupational exposure to hazardous materials. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are particularly more prone to blood-borne pathogens through contact with infected blood and body fluids during their work. It is based on the presumption that every person is infected or colonized with an organism that could be transmitted in the healthcare setting and thus health care workers need to apply infection control practices during the delivery of health care.Health care worker at risk of health associated infection (HAIs) due to their exposure to the patients during carrying out their duties. Health care workers in primary health care centers are the first to detect and to prevent the spread of infection. Standard precautions are regarded as an effective means for protecting health care worker, patients and community.
 Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the level of Knowledge and practices of infection control standard among health care workers at the primary healthcare level in Makkah City.
Method:  A cross sectional study enrolled HCWs (doctors, nurses, lab workers) from 10 primary healthcare (PHC) centers in in Makkah, during the April to June, 2021, Our total participants were (200)
.Results:the knowledge regarding standard precautions of infection control study results show the majority of participant had average information were(55.0%) while weak knowledge were(21.0%) the data ranged from(5-18) by mean ±SD(12.15±3.11), also the Nationality is a significant relation between knowledge and Practices increase in the non-Saudi healthcare workers were mean+ SD respectively (12.980±2.606, 6.603±1.510), compared to the Saudis had adequate level of knowledge Practices where (T=-5.33, T=-6.152) and P-value=<0.001.
Conclusion: There was a gap between the actual and desired Knowledge and practices of Healthcare providers regarding IC. Continuing education programs are needed to improve their Knowledge and practices scores towards SPs and IC measures in order to reduce HCAI, inadequate knowledge particularly concerning the disposal of sharp instruments and hand hygiene were also detected. The studies highlighted the necessity of the provision of a comprehensive training program to ensure compliance with infection control measures by HCWs.