European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Perinatal asphyxia is a lack of blood flow or gas exchange to or from the foetus just before, during, or after birth. Perinatal asphyxia can have serious systemic and neurologic consequences like cerebral palsy, mental retardation, irreversible neurologic damage, and/or epilepsy. Ultrasound is a simple tool that can be used readily anytime at bedside. USG helps in identifying intracranial lesions like haemorrhages, periventricular leukomalacia, brain edema. Doppler parameters of anterior and middle cerebral artery like PSV, EDV, PI and RI helps in evaluating the cerebral blood flow velocity and vascular resistance. METHODS : This prospective observational study was done on 120 neonates referred to the Radiodiagnosis department with suspected hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Cranial ultrasound was done at <= 36 hours and at >= 72 hours along with the doppler study in all neonates. RESULT: Abnormal ultrasound findings were common in preterm neonates compared to term neonates. Germinal matrix haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia were the most common sonographic findings in preterm neonates and that of term neonates was cerebral edema. With increase in severity of clinical grades of HIE, there was decrease in the mean RI values of ACA and MCA. CONCLUSION: Transcranial ultrasound can be used as a valuable diagnostic tool for the management of hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Thus, by performing transcranial ultrasound and colour doppler at 36 hours, early diagnosis and intervention can be achieved. This can help reduce ominous complications and decrease morbidity and mortality.

Background: Testicular trauma and obstructed hernia can be differentiated by taking history from patient. Physical examination adds only a little information. Color Doppler ultrasound (US) is the modality of choice to differentiate testicular torsion from inflammatory conditions and can thus help in avoiding unnecessary surgical explorations. Color Doppler US alone has a limited role in the evaluation of testicular tumours. Gray-scaleultrasonography in combination with color Doppler imaging is a well-accepted technique for assessing scrotal lesions andtesticular perfusion.
Aims and Objectives: To Evaluate the study of Sonography and Colour Doppler in correlation with its histopathology and pediatric non neoplastic scrotal masses and also to compare non-neoplastic and neoplastic scrotal masses by characterization on B-modescan and Colour Doppler ultrasonography.
Material and Methods: The present study was carried out in 100 patients with clinically suggestive scrotal lesions. All cases were subjected to real time sonography examination. Main stress was laid to determine of organ of scrotal lesion to evaluate its nature size and echo texture and to see the results on management of serial Ultrasonography.
Results: Of 56 cases of non-inflammatory scrotal swellings, 5 cases wereneoplastic lesions, remaining 51 cases were non-neoplastic swellings. The 5 cases of neoplastic swellings were three cases of testicular neoplasm, two case of spermatic cord neoplasm which was histopathologically confirmed.
Conclusion: When color Doppler sonography is supplemented with High frequency gray scale US, the sensitivity of diagnosing acute scrotal pathology will be increased.