European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

In this paper, the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infectious model with Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL) response delay and its effect on the stability of equilibrium has been investigated. The boundedness and non-negativity solutions of the proposed model were verified. The local stability of virus-free equilibrium and the infected equilibrium were determined by the basic reproduction number R0. Further, the existence of Hopf bifurcation at the infected equilibrium of CTL response was also observed. Using different set of parameters, the empirical findings in the study are shown with numerical simulations.

The dc-dc converter can be delivers a dc voltage or current at different level to the source, it's like a dc transformers. It also convert unregulated dc voltage into regulated dc voltage under varying load conditions and different voltage conditions. The output voltage of the converter has controlled by using the principle of negative feedback and it exhibit bifurcation and chaos if the switching action is govern by the negative feedback. There are two mode of PWM dc-dc converters they are voltage program mode and current program mode. In this paper, the chaotic behavior is observed in a positive output Elementary Luo_converter in current program mode. The need for chaos analysis is to get the desired regulated voltage and also get better dynamic response. The positive output Elementary Luo_converters has a wide range of industrial application and to control the chaotic behavior of the converter to be a special significance.