European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a major communicable disease worldwide. Tuberculosis and HIV is a major health problem in many parts of world. The National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program annual report indicates that about 7% of all TB notified cases had co-infection with HIV. The incidence of Tuberculosis HIV co-infection increasing gradually.
Materials and Methods: The study is a Retrospective study conducted on 200 HIV reactive patients at ART center in a tertiary care hospital GGH Ongole. Data was analyzed for incidence of tuberculosis in HIV infected patients with CD4 counts and their association between them.
Results: Out of 200 HIV infected, 40 were detected with tuberculosis, of them 32 were pulmonary TB and 8 were extra pulmonary TB. In present study 26 (65%) of patients with CD4 count < 200 cells/μ l developed Tuberculosis, 9 (22.5%) of patients with CD4 count 200-400 cells/μl and 5 (12.5%) of patients with CD4 count > 400 cells/μl shows less number of pulmonary and Extra pulmonary TB.
Conclusion: There is a strong association between Tuberculosis and HIV. Incidence of TB is more when CD4 count less than 200 cells/μl. So it is essential to screen HIV reactive patients for TB along with CD4 count to prevent complications and mortality. This study showed that incidence of Tuberculosis pulmonary and extra pulmonary in HIV infective patients is significantly higher with CD4 count < 200 cells/µl.

Background: With the progression of the HIV epidemic there is a need to classify the papulonodular eruptions of the HIV infection based on its likely aetiology for proper management of HIV. This study was aimed to study the clinical and pathological aspects of papulonodular lesions of skin in HIV infected individuals.
Methods: The study was conducted among all Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients who presented with papular and nodular skin lesions at the outpatient’s department as well as those admitted in a tertiary care government hospital. Each patient underwent a detailed history taking which included chief complaints, treatment history, and personal history. Dermatological examination included morphology of lesion, site, number, size, shape, colour, margin and surface of skin lesions. Skin biopsy was performed on all the cases and specimen sent to Department of Pathology for histopathology report to correlate the clinical and histopathological diagnoses.
Results: A total of 55 cases were studied. 48 (87.27%) cases were males and 7 (12.73%) cases were females. The age ranged from 25-48years (mean age-34.90 years) for males and 26-46 years (mean age- 36 years) in females. Of the total 55 cases, 18 (32.73%) cases had infective dermatoses and the remaining 37 (67.27%) had non-infective dermatoses. Pruritic papular eruption formed the majority of the cases 20 (54.05%), 15 of them had a low CD4 count <200/µL (Mean CD4 count was (126/µL). All patients showed good response to HAART. Eosinophilic folliculitis was found in 4 cases with 3 cases having CD4 count <200/µL (mean 72/µL).
Conclusion: Patients with infective and non-infective cutaneous manifestations are significantly immuno-suppressed than HIV-positive asymptomatic controls. The absolute CD4 count is inversely related to the number of HIV positive patients with papulonodular eruptions of skin. Hence, there is a need for histopathology examination to separate these closely related entities for precise diagnosis and proper management in HIV patients

The objective of this paper is to assess the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among Interns of a Dental and Medical College. The data is collected through structured questionnaire by cross sectional study method with the sample size of 246. The model is tested on a context of Interns of dental and medical students for the first time. The present study has used a reflective measurement model. Due to the model complexity, the use of Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling approach is found to be appropriate for the purpose of analysis of constructs and their corresponding data. The structural model has proved that the path coefficient value and empirical t values of exogenous latent variables on endogenous latent variable are above that threshold value in relationship between knowledge and trust as well as perception and trust except attitude and trust. The testing of hypothesis confirms the strong relationship between knowledge and trust as well as perception and trust. Based on the results of Importance Performance Matrix Analysis results corporate need focus on changing the perception of interns primarily. Hence,medical college must aim at increasing the performance of the target construct trust so their first priority should be to improve the performance aspects captured by the construct perception performance by improving its total effects as this construct has high chance to improve its total effect which in turn improves its performance.