European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background – There has been a significant impact of COVID-19 on the global economy and public health. Various countries have made unmatched efforts and awareness to ensure containment of this deadly virus. In order to make it possible, several routine activities have been affected which changed behavioural patterns of the common public. A lot of countries have imposed lockdown, social distancing, use of masks and sanitizers, frequent hand washing, vaccination, and other preventive measures. Elderly citizens have been the most vulnerable group which has been affected by the pandemic.
 
Objective – Considering the above arguments, this study is aimed to study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on elderly people in India, especially their daily life, physical and mental health, social life, and preventive measures taken by them.
 
Methodology – An empirical survey was conducted as part of descriptive research. A self-structured questionnaire was sent through Google Form to collect survey data online. Total 126 responses were collected to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on elderly. All the survey participants are elderly to meet the inclusion criteria. SPSS version 22 was used to analyse the survey data.
 
Result – The finding of the study suggests that there was a significant impact of COVID-19 on daily life and overall health of elderly in India (p<0.05). However, the best part is that all of the survey respondents have followed all security measures suggested by the government, such as double dose of vaccination, social distancing, masks and sanitizers, and avoiding social gatherings.

Background: Lockdown is an emergency situation which has confined people to their homes, states and country. Individuals felt insecure and worried about their financial matters and their mental health was affected at some point of time during the corona virus pandemic lockdown.
Aim: The study aimed to assess the effect of lockdown on mental health between the general population and covid-19 frontline health care workers.
Material and Methods: The survey was conducted from July to October 2020 using DSM -5 Self-Rated level 1 cross-cutting symptom measure -Adult scale, circulated through social media platform (Google forms). In this study, 180 participants were enrolled. Hindi version of the measure was used to assess the psychological impact on the participants and a score of 0 was considered as NO and was taken as a Negative response and scores 1 to 4, were considered as YES and were taken as a positive responses.
Result: A total of 180 responses were obtained during the survey, amongst them 36.67% were male and 63.33%were female. Frontline healthcare workers were 51.67% and among the Non-health care workers, unemployed were 10%, Student were 17.78%, and the remaining working were 56.67%. As per DSM 5 Crosscutting symptoms scores, the most common reported psychological symptoms were Anxiety  81.11%, Depression  52.78%, Sleep problems  29.44%, and Substance use 25%,. The comparison between both the groups was not statistically significant (p>0.001). However, non-healthcare workers experienced more psychological symptoms.
conclusion: The covid-19 lockdown was associated with poor mental health across individuals .the lockdown was observed  to be a stressful situation that could have precipitated psychological symptoms like anxiety, stress, depression, and sleep disturbance in the individuals.
 

Introduction: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was recognized and has caused serious illness and numerous deaths. The ultimate scope and effect of this outbreak are unclear at present as the situation is rapidly evolving. The disease causes respiratory illness (like the flu) with main clinical symptoms such as a dry cough, fever, and in more severe cases, difficulty in breathing.
Objective:  To assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical students towards corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Materials and Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate medical students in India from September 2020 to February 2021. Participants were recruited using a snowball sampling technique and all data were collected via an online self-reported questionnaire using Google Forms (http://forms.google.com/) as the data collection period coincided with implementation of the COVID-19 lockdown policy in India. Socio-demographics characteristics, social interaction history, information-seeking behavior, as well as knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. A p-value of <0.04 indicated statistical significance.
Results: A total of 2000 eligible participants completed the survey, 71.5% of whom were female, and their mean age was 19.4 years old (SD = 2.1). Almost all had sufficient knowledge (87.1%) and good preventive practice (93.6%) towards COVID-19; however, there was also a rather low level of positive attitude recorded, at 65.7%. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the female participants, and the receiving of information from the official websites, reported a significantly higher level of good practice. Besides, students who had a high level of sufficient knowledge and positive attitude towards COVID-19 were more likely to have good preventive practices (All p<0.001).
Conclusion: Many undergraduate medical students in India had positive attitude and practice against COVID-19, yet only a few had adequate knowledge. This warrants further interventions to keep them updated with COVID-19 evidence to maximize their potentials in raising public awareness on COVID-19.

The recent Outbreak of the Covid-19 from the Wuhan region of China has brought the critical situation and crisis to human species around the world. The issue of ‘Human Security’ has brought about the global crisis. It is now under discussion. There are new challenges around the world in the field of disease and treatment. The development of a health sector rather than military power can first protect the citizens of a country or nation. The same has been taught to the People of this generation. Basically, as a biological disaster, the disease has hit the socio-cultural and economic infrastructure of the world. ‘Vasant roga’ was recognized as a former world outbreak. The overall environment of the Concomitant outbreak after polio, plague, Spanish flu has caused a long-term crisis in the international economy, politics and health. The SARS-CoV-2 or the COVID-19 that affect more than 195 countries around the world at the same time are also challenges the scientific development of the world's advanced capitalist countries. 2 The overall contribution of education technology and the discovery have been questioned. Out of the 195 countries around the world 84 countries have to be on the lock down. This is the first time in human civilization that so many countries are under lockdown. In this terrible situation every nation is moving towards economic slowdown. International communication, imports and exports have been stopped. There is a terrible danger to every government, private sector associated with labour and farmer class as well as the other professions. How will the future of a developing nation like India and a developing state like Assam be in this situation? How will this affect the society, literature and culture of Assam? The proposed issue is being researched for an academic discussion on the same.

Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by the new corona virus and causes most sufferers to experience respiratory disease. The current situation of Covid-19 until December 15, 2020 is known to be 623,309 people in Indonesia who have been confirmed as infected Covid-19. As a result of the continuous increase in the number of confirmed Covid-19 cases, the government implemented a LSSR policy to prevent the spread of Covid-19. However, this policy is felt to have a negative impact on the education sector, especially for undergraduate students. This research was an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional method located in cities and districts in East Java Province and was conducted from August to November 2020. The population in this study were all final semester students domiciled in East Java in 2020 with the number a sample of 385 people. This study was conducted to determine the effect of LSSR policy on the level of anxiety of final semester students in East Java. This study found that there was a significant influence between the implementation of the LSSR policy and the level of student anxiety in the final semester in East Java that was positive. This means that if there is an increase in the effect of the implementation of the LSSR policy on respondents, the level of anxiety will also increase.

We can see a sudden increase in technical advancement from past two decades in the area of E-learning and especially post covid-19 lockdown around the globe in majority countries. This facility has provided access to learning around the globe. It also enhances their ability to connect with the outside world and to build their skills in new streams which are yet to come in their geographical location. In the initial days everyone was searching and advising for best possible strategies for work from home but educational institutions had come up with a challenging solution if implemented well will reduce the effect of this virus-related lockdown on studies of the students. The biggest boon to educational institutions is the video conferencing tool made available by various application running around the globe like google hangouts, meet and zoom app etc also they are taking help of online courses made available free of cost to the faculty as well as students lile coursera, swayam etc. This type of platforms student is having freedom to interact one to one with his instructor resolve the queries raised by him for any feedback which he or she is willing to provide to the instructor making this e-learning through m-learning successful. The biggest advantage in this is you can access your lecture at any time when you are free e from your regular work and can make your notes at any time without any disturbance from your classmates for your colleagues. Taking these things in regard, educational institutions are investing more on e-resources and providing best state of the art facilitates to their students.

Domestic abuse, a prevalent problem in all cultures, and debates about this phenomenon are related to the complexities and the tabous. Domestic violence / harassment of relationships refers to romantic marriages or partnerships between spouses and in these situations often the female gender is the survivor. There are many women who experience psychological and physical violence in their close relationships and immediate social environment which later become a serious health problem for them. Domestic violence is a pattern of coercive behaviour which involves physical , psychological, mental, economic and emotional abuse committed by one individual against another near individual with the purpose of gaining and retaining power and control. Domestic abuse can be found in all sorts of intimate marriages, such as married spouses, single spouses, living in families, individuals with shared children, same-sex partners, in past partnerships etc. The aim of this study is to find out the nature and various causes of domestic violence against women during COVID-19's lockdown situation. Using standard questionnaire and random sampling, samples of 165 females from various sectors with varying educational qualifications and family status levels were surveyed. To get the appropriate results, a T-test was applied. Specific causes and character of domestic violence can be found in the COVID-19 case, such as oral bullying, abuse , physical abuse, assault, mistreatment, spouse's aggressive behavior and sexual abuse due in part to factors such as female identity, financial distress, domination, alcohol and extra-marital problems, etc..

The aftermath of COVID-19 can be observed worldwide, and all sectors are equally suffering from this. The education sector across the world is also suffering hampering the process of education. The total lockdown enforced in 42 countries, badly affected the life of the students. Around 1.277 billion students around the world are being affected due to the halt in the education process. As it is said that Change is inevitable, but growth is optional, the outbreak of COVID-19 has taught that. This scenario has proven itself to be a boost to explore the unexplored and pushed every educational institution to equip itself with ICT (Information and Communication Technology). This review highlights how the world is matching steps and finding a solution to every drawback. This review contains the level of dissemination of online education, the steps were taken by Indian and world government to fight this, how effective it has proven so far, and some challenges that have yet to be overcome.

World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the ongoing COVID-19 as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020.For this advancement, countries all over the world has begun to implement lockdown as one of the strategies to tackle the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Like other countries, the lockdown in India also poses serious problems to the health industry and to many other sectors. One of the severely affected and ignored programs, the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)which approximately addresses 27 million new-borns seeking immunization per year, is also suspended. In this scenario, outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases could be catastrophic for communities and health systems which are battling the impacts of COVID-19. At present, there exists no definite medicine and vaccine for COVID-19. The immunity of an individual plays a crucial role in the prevention of disease as well as severity. The interruption of vaccination program can give rise to a resurgence of measles cases. This resurgence can lead to profound immunosuppressants which can cause an increased incidence of COVID-19 with a rise in the number of severe cases which eventually leads to increased mortality rate. Moreover, the suppression of immune function can lead to increased incidence of other infections which may have a huge burden to the healthcare system where services have already been compromised due to low resources. Lessons should be learned from Europe and Africa. Initiatives should be taken to restore the routine immunization program immediately with all precautionary measures as per WHO guidelines.

COVID -19 is an infectious disease caused by the newly discovered coronavirus. As there is no vaccine discovered, the only way to prevent the spread is through following the practice of social isolation.
Objectives:Prolonged isolation may also lead to psychological stress and problems. Hence the scenario is to measure the level of awareness among the people about psychiatric problems created due to prolonged social isolation.The aim of the survey is to measure the level of awareness among the participants on the psychological stress created due to social isolation through the imposed lockdown.
Materials And Methods: A questionnaire was prepared and administered to a hundred participants through google form an online platform. The study participants included people belonging to the general population of Tamilnadu. The answers obtained from the participants are recorded and analysed and the answers given by each participant to each question were represented in the form of flow charts.
Results: Around 70% of people said that social isolation affects mental health and 72% of people said that social isolation creates stress. 60% of people were aware that prolonged social isolation can create psychiatric problems.
Conclusion: The level of awareness among the participants is moderate and hence a complete awareness on social isolation and its consequences must be created among the study population.

The anxiety among workers develops as their living has changed and economically are affected.Their future is not certain.The fear starts building as the lockdown period increases.To overcome such fears the government must take actions to provide proper employment and wages after the lockdown ends.A survey was done to know how the workers are affected and to know the difference of mentality of a working person before and during lockdown.A questionnaire was prepared and circulated to 100 workers and the responses were collected and analyzed through SPSS.85.3% of population are affected by the lockdown with high levels of anxiety. Therefore more than 50% of the participants are more anxious during lockdown than before lockdown.Many are affected but are confident that they can overcome the crisis after the lockdown comes to an end.To overcome such anxieties in future,the government has to take measures to avoid unemployment.

Quarantine is restricting people who have been exposed to a disease, such as COVID-19. This study is required because during this hectic period of lockdown the only conversation we can have is with our family members. This study fulfils the deficiency of knowing the actual bond they share with their family members during this full time quarantine lockdown. The aim of the study is to know the relationship between family members during quarantine lockdown. Data manipulation is done by google forms. Software used is IBM SPSS. Pie Chart is used as a method of representation of each output variable. 76.8% agreed that family members feel more bonded during this quarantine and 23.2% disagreed that family members feel more bonded during this quarantine. (p=0.135, indicating statistically not significant )The association between gender was assessed by Chi Square test where p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We have observed association between gender and responses about whether they like their families was found to be statistically significant. Various members may have varying needs that can cause stress and struggle. But in such times, providing them with comfort and love, regularly checking in, sharing their worries, offering whatever support can prove beneficial in strengthening relationships.

Schools and colleges are closed to practice social distancing to reduce the spread of the coronavirus disease. Although online classes are being conducted, some teachers have reported that they do not find the online classes as effective as the real classroom. In online classes, there is reduced student interaction, lack of realistic experience and absence of community feeling. The lockdown is generally considered to have more negative psychological effects due to financial loss, inadequate supplies and fear of life. A cross sectional survey was conducted among students to study the psychosocial impact of lockdown among students.The study population in the study are the students with a sample size of 200. The questionnaire consisted of 31 questions divided into three parts and was shared to students using online survey platform. 17.5% of the students felt that they could communicate to friends the same way as that of regular class, 53.5% did not and 29% partially felt so. 57% of the students felt anxious that their studies are affected during this lockdown, 21.5% did not feel anxious and 21.5% partially felt anxious. Most of the students are showing some symptoms of depression due to the closed schools and colleges and social distancing as a result of lockdown. Hence teachers have to handle them differently after the lockdown ends

Introduction: Online classes due to lockdown has been an unavoidable essential part of our daily life. In this study the opinion from different mentalities will be noted to get an intention about online classes. Different questions were asked about the classes for instance: class organisation, helpfulness, interest, accessibility, comfortability, impact of learning, comparison between regular and online classes and their preferences among them. This is attained due to different advanced social platforms. Materials and methods: The survey was conducted among 153 college students in 2020. The students were interviewed with a questionnaire containing 15 explanatory questions about online classes during lockdown. The data was then collected and manipulated in 2020 using SPSS software (chi square test). Results: 57.3% of the student population replied that the online classes are helpful, 29.3% may be and rest 13.3% replied no. 52.6% said that they invest proper time for learning and 32.9% sometime, rest 14.5% replied no. 66.7% replied that effective communication was attained and 20.2% not sure and the rest of 13% said no. 38.6% said the classes are good, 37.3% said classes are average and 16% said very good and rest of them said no. More than 87% of them preferred regular classes than online classes and the rest 12% said online classes. Conclusion: If a proper algorithm and plan is followed the online classes conducted will be welcomed by the students, few disadvantages of social media and cyberspace are present.

In 2019 -2020 coronavirus is a major public health issue and self-isolation is among the best suggestions to reduce the spread of the virus.COVID-19 is a communicable disease caused by a newly discovered virus named ‘coronavirus’ which is rapidly spreading all around the world. The coronavirus pandemic is being, with physicians seen as the frontline soldiers with the war against the disease. COVID-19 infected people are experiencing mild to moderate respiratory disorder and they are getting recovered without requiring special treatment but for some, it is a fatal outcome. As a mitigatory measure, lockdown is imposed by most of the governments. The main aim of this study is about the public perception of being productive during the lockdown. A self-structured questionnaire was distributed through google forms linked to 100 individuals of the general population of India. The questionnaire was studied carefully and answers were marked by the participants. The results were collected and the data were analysed using SPSS software version 20. The majority of Indian population are aware of COVID -19 and that they know the density of medical support. The overall accept lockdown as a necessary measure. Most of them know about the COVID -19 outbreak associated with the population around the world. 90% of the participants know the outbreak of coronavirus and the advantages of being isolated. The results of this survey concluded that in India people are aware and they know how to be productive during this isolation period. The study shows that being productive can make people do more things and be creative and learn more things.

COVID 19 is a strain of coronavirus which is virulent and spreads easily among humans. It has become a pandemic and has caused a global emergency. Though the death rate is not that high it is still considered dangerous. It has caused a huge impact on the global economy. The purpose of this study is to analyse the economic impacts on various sectors of Indian economy. Several relevant articles were selected, analysed and computed inorder to gain accurate information of the economic losses we have faced. National lockdown has impacted not only the Indian economy but also the global economy very severely. Many sectors such as the travel and tourism industry, the live events industry, hotels and real estate have been shut down and have faced severe losses. The GDP has faced a slight declination. The data collection and study analysis was conducted in the year 2020 in Private Dental College, Chennai.

The pandemic of coronavirus has quickly impacted the entire world, and the government has responded with a lock down. The lock down involves shutting of schools and colleges and a shift from traditional classrooms to online classes and e-learning. This has a lot of benefits such as flexible timings, convenience, no commute et cetera. However, these are contradicted by no practical classes, no personal attention from staff and a strayed student teacher relationship. A questionnaire survey consisting of 12 questions was prepared and circulated through an online survey portal among 100 dental students in India. The questions were prepared to analyse the perception of dental students towards online classes. Online classes have changed the education system for the time being. Students are involved in e-learning through online education portals and online platforms, which helps them to efficiently utilise their time. Despite the advantages that online classrooms have, results show that dental students prefer traditional classrooms over them.

Coronavirus, a deadly virus caused an unimaginable pandemic across the globe and in order to limit its spread the lockdown and quarantine initiative was introduced. The mental health of students generally refers to the complete mental well-being and the absence of any mental disorders. This pandemic caused a major fluctuation in mental attitudes and anxiety levels of students. The main aim of this study was to analyze the attitude of students in relation to the quarantine and the mental health of students during the lockdown period. A self administered questionnaire was prepared and circulated. The results were obtained and statistically analysed using SPSS software with a version of 22 and the statistical test used was descriptive statistics. It was found that the majority of students had no change in relationship between friends and family and were able to counteract boredom and laugh every single day of the quarantine. The study concluded that the quarantine period had an effect on attitude and anger levels of students. Teenagers were physically and psychologically affected by the quarantine due to lack of socialization and however proved to be addicted to social media which had a deteriorating rating impact on the quality of life.

The pandemic of coronavirus has quickly impacted the entire world, and the government has responded with a lock down. The lock down involves shutting of schools and colleges and a shift from traditional classrooms to online classes and e-learning. This has a lot of benefits such as flexible timings, convenience, no commute et cetera. However, these are contradicted by no practical classes, no personal attention from staff and a strayed student teacher relationship. A questionnaire survey consisting of 12 questions was prepared and circulated through an online survey portal among 100 dental students in India. The questions were prepared to analyse the perception of dental students towards online classes. Online classes have changed the education system for the time being. Students are involved in e-learning through online education portals and online platforms, which helps them to efficiently utilise their time. Despite the advantages that online classrooms have, results show that dental students prefer traditional classrooms over them.