European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Asthma –COPD overlap is characterized by persistent airflow limitation with several features usually associated with COPD. It is identified in clinical practice by the features it shares with both asthma and COPD. A stepwise approach to diagnosis is advised, with recognition of the presence of chronic airway disease, syndromic categorization as characteristic asthma, characteristic COPD or ACO, confirmation of chronic airflow limitation by spirometry and, if necessary, referral for specialized investigations. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and to study various clinical characteristics of the patients with ACO.

Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an emerging domain among the
researchers, which is an ensemble scheme of numerous mobile nodes and it works
without any base station. In ad hoc networks, usage of energy is the main issue, and
the energy level of the node is not considered by Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector
(AODV) during the route discovery phase. The node with minimum energy in the
transmission area will fail transmission and packet dropping. The link failure reinitiates
the route request (RREQ) and consumption of energy also high. To enhance
this issue, an optimized routing strategy is introduced by the Ant Colony Optimization
with Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (ACO-BFA) for AODV. The routing process is
initiated by ACO and a high probability routing path is assigned to bacteria. The
routing is enhanced by the ACO-BFA technique and the simulation analysis shows
that the proposed technique outperforms the existing state-of-art AODV routing
techniques.