European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Objectives: To assess the effect of yoga on inflammatory cytokine markers in uncomplicated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients when compared to routine conventional therapyalone. To compare inflammatory cytokine markers in T2DM patients before and after yoga.
Materials & methods:
Setting: It is a follow-up, randomized case–control study done in a tertiary care hospital.
Participants: Sixty Type 2 diabetic patients in the age group of 30-60 years, 0-10 years duration of DM  were randomly divided into Yoga Group and Control Group, age and sex matched. Control Group received only conventional therapy for DM and Yoga Group received yoga therapy in the form of asanas and pranayama along with the conventional therapy for 8 weeks. Both groups were assessed twice (pre- and post-study).
Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS v 20.0. Repeated measure ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results were expressed as mean ± SD.
Results: After 8 weeks of yogic intervention, Yoga Group patients showed a significant reduction in their inflammatory markers.
Conclusion: Yoga can be used as an adjunct to the routine treatment for DM, for improvement of health as depicted by reduced inflammatory insult.

Background:Diabetes mellitus (DM) referred as a group of metabolic disorders
characterized by high blood sugar levels over an extended period. The present study
was conducted to assess fasting and postprandial lipid profile in diabetic patient.
Materials & Methods:60type II diabetes patients of both genders were enrolled in group
I and 60 control in group II. Parameters such as HbA1c, FBS, PBS, total cholesterol
(TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein – cholesterol (HDL-C), very-lowdensity
lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)
were assessed.
Results: Group I had 35 males and 25 females and group II had 28 males and 32
females. In group I and group II, mean PBS was 145.2 and 131.4, HbA1c was 9.4% and
4.5%, TG (mg/dl) was 184.2 and 150.3, TC (mg/dl) was 215.8 and 178.4, HDL- C (mg/dl)
was 44.2 and 58.2, VLDL (mg/dl) was 36.3 and 30.6 and LDL (mg/dl) was 170.4 and
85.2. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). The mean fasting and postprandial TG
value was 215.2 and 240.6, TC was 183.2 and 190.1, HDL- C was 44.2 and 37.3, VLDL
was 37.5 and 38.2 and LDL was 170.5 and 176.2 respectively. The difference was
significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Postprandial lipid profile significantly increased when compared to fasting
lipid profile among type 2 DM patients.

Background: Blood glucose and electrolytes have a complicated relationship that is
influenced by a number of other factors such as age and concomitant conditions. As
there is paucity of such studies in India, so present study was to determine the most
prevalent electrolyte disturbances among diabetic in-patients and to explore an
association between blood sugar and electrolyte imbalances.
Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried for a duration of
two years among 271 adult patients with diabetes mellitus admitted to the wards and
ICU in a tertiary care centre. Patient-specific information was collected in a structured
schedule and blood sample was collected for laboratory investigations after obtaining
written informed consent. All tests were performed at a 5% level of significance; thus,
an association was significant if the p value was less than 0.05.
Results: In present study (Table 1), the mean age of study subjects was 58.92 ± 13.15
years, with nearly equal representation from males (49.4%) and females (50.6%). The
mean duration of diabetes among subjects was 9.72 ± 6.57 years. The mean HbA1C was
7.65 ± 1.23 % which reflect uncontrolled diabetes. The most common electrolyte
imbalance among enrolled subjects was hyponatremia (33.6%). The mean levels of
serum sodium (group A: 132.82 ± 3.99 vs group B: 135.62 ± 5.12), were statistically
different (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The importance of evaluating serum electrolytes in patients with type 2
diabetes was presented in the study. Electrolytes, particularly sodium, chloride, and
potassium, become significantly disturbed as fasting blood glucose rises.

There is a global rise in the incidence of diseases like diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effect of adding fine bran and date seeds powder as a sources of dietary fibers and active healthy components to prepare functional bread for lowering blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Sensory evaluation revealed that successful replacement of bread samples with 5,10 and 15% fine bran (Fb), 5 and 10% date seeds powder (Dsp) and the mixture of 5% fine bran + 5% date seeds powder. Bread supplemented with 10 and 15% fine bran contained 13.478% and 13.777% (g/100g) protein content respectively, while bread supplemented with mixture of 5% fine bran + 5% date seeds powder, and 10% date seeds powder contained 5.51 and 4.95 (g / 100g) of total dietary fibers respectively. The biological evaluation showed that rats fed on bread sample and its mixtures containing 15% fine bran , 5% date seeds powder, 10% date seeds powder and the mixture of 5% fine bran + 5% date seeds powder for 30 days significantly (p<0.05) reduced serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (vLDL), while high density lipoproteins (HDL) increased. Also, data showed that rats fed on pan bread made from wheat flour substituted with different levels of fine bran and/or date seeds powder significantly lowered their blood glucose level.