European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Vitamin D deficiency is prevailing in Saudi Arabia. Recent national data indicated an inverse association between vitamin D status and coronary heart disease (CHD), which increases concerns about vitamin D deficiency as a serious public health problem. Therefore, the current study aimed to Assessment Knowledge regarding Vitamin D deficiency among female adult attending the Primary Health clinic at Makkah, Saudi Arabia, 2021. Saudi Arabia has one of the highest reported incidence of vitamin D deficiency in studies conducted worldwide. However, there has been very limited exploration of vitamin D related knowledge, attitudes and practices among female adult in Saudi Arabia. However, the case of vitamin deficiency is reported to increase in many female Saudi Arabia worldwide, especially in Saudi Arabia. Mothers, having adequate knowledge about vitamin D and its supplementation, may lead to possible lowering of the cases of vitamin D deficiency and its complications

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common health problem in many countries, including Bahrain. However, little data exists about the awareness and the level of knowledge of vitamin D among Arab Gulf populations. Method: A cross-sectional study design was employed. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to an adult sample of 335 participants seeking information on their knowledge about vitamin D. Findings: 81.2% of the study participants had unsatisfactory total knowledge score of vitamin D. Level of education and the sources of information about vitamin D were the main significant factors that appear to influence the participants’ vitamin D awareness status. Most the participants recognized that exposure to sunlight encourages the production of vitamin D, however, only a small proportion of participants were aware of the sources of vitamin D in daily food intake and health consequences of vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: There is inadequate knowledge and awareness regarding vitamin D deficiency among adult Bahrain population. Health campaigns are urgently needed in order to improve the community’s knowledge about the benefits and sources of vitamin D

Expansion has been one of the oldest means and also conservative method of gaining space and correcting the intermaxillary and dental arch relationships primarily in transverse direction. As clinicians we all rely on some form of rapid or slow palatal expansion appliances to produce maxillary change. Various appliances and treatment techniques have been developed and used to correct the transverse discrepancies. The most common is rapid maxillary expansion (RME) performed with a tooth-anchored expander. However the predictability of orthopedic expansion is greatly reduced after 15 years of age. Due to this reason, it has been proposed that the MARPE is an effective alternative to maximize the skeletal effects in adults and also to avoid invasive surgical procedures like SARPE .

Development of new methods for early diagnosis, nutritional support using national food products with a high content of pharmacological nutrients (grape shinny) in the prevention of deficiency, macro- and microelements in the "Mother-child" system.To prevent and correct micronutrient deficiency, the content of macro - and microelements in food products rarely used by the local population - grape shinny (molasses), was determined in the laboratory of activation analysis of the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan by neutron activation method. The study of the sugar content in the composition of grape shinni was conducted in the laboratory of the Khovrenko winery in Samarkand.In mothers and their infants, the high-risk group for micronutrient imbalance was the highest, The composition of grape shinny revealed a high concentration of calcium, potassium, zinc, iron, copper and in trace concentrations of abiogenic, toxic elements, which confirms the safety for humans.

Background
      Vitamin D is one of the major vitamin and very essential for maintenance of normal growth and development of strong bones. It is often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin" because it can be synthesized in the body from the ultraviolet rays provided by the sun. Vitamin D is known to have essential roles in the human body. However, the case of vitamin deficiency is reported to increase in many adult worldwide, especially in Saudi Arabia. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with numerous chronic diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes type 1 and 2. It is currently estimated that one billion people suffer from vitamin D deficiency worldwide. Sunlight is the main and natural source of vitamin D and most foods contain very little amount of it. The main action of vitamin D is to help calcium and phosphorus in our diet to be absorbed from the gut.
 Aim of the study: The study’s aim was to assess the knowledge regarding vitamin D deficiency ​among female adult attending the primary health clinic at Makkah at Saudi Arabia
Methodology: Across sectional descriptive study was conducted among female adult attending to clinic in PHC at Makkah, Saudi Arabia city, during the October to December, 2019. Our total participants were (150).  Results: Major findings of the study were (38%) adult women were in the group of age between 25 to 35 years. The majority of the women (84.67%) “married” status. The majority of the women were (49.33) secondary level of education, regarding chronic disease, most of the mothers in the study were found to have no chronic disease were (62.00%). The income level of (56.0%) of the respondents ranged average, the majority of the women were (42.0%) Sources of knowledge doctor.
 Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the various age groups in our country due to various factors. So, Awareness programmes have to be conducted to make the general public including the females aware of the vitamin D, its deficiency, causative factors and the preventive measures. So this study was done this study was conducted assessment the knowledge towards vitamin D deficiency, sun exposure, supplementation in a sample of adult female attending the primary health clinic at Makkah, Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian.