European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Anaemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBC) or the haemoglobin (Hb) content of blood, or a decrease in Hb's ability to bind oxygen. Anaemia in children differs from that in adults in that it is more pronounced and develops more rapidly. In developing regions, up to 51% of children aged 0-4 years and 46% of children aged 5-12 years are anemic.
Aim: To evaluateanaemia in paediatric age group using different haematological and biochemical investigations.
Material and method: The present study was conducted among 250 patients with anaemia in the age group of 0 to 18 years. Various haematological (CBC, GBP, Bone marrow aspiration, HPLC) and biochemical (Serum ferritin, Serum iron, TIBC, Vit. B12 and Folic acid) investigations were done on the blood samples received. Data so collected was tabulated in an excel sheet and was analysed using SPSS software version 22.
Results: Maximum patients were diagnosed with iron deficiency anaemia. 34 patients were diagnosed with vitamin deficiency anaemia (Vit. B12, Folic acid or both). Maximum (26.4%) number of Vit. B12 deficiency anaemia patients were from 13- 18 age group whereas maximum (17.6%) number of  Folic acid deficiency were found in 7-12 years.
Conclusion: Anaemia can be detected early using biochemical and haematological assays. Children's anaemia prevention programmes should be established in conjunction with initiatives to meet their dietary needs.

Introduction: Complete blood count (CBC) by the automated hematology analyzers and microscopic
examination of peripheral smears have traditionally been used in the diagnosis of anemias. The advent
of automated hematology analyzers has improved accuracy and precision of test results and has reduced
subjective errors. This study aimed at
i) Comparing anemia characterization between automated CBC analysis and conventional peripheral
blood smear assessment.
ii) Studying RBC histogram patterns in various categories of anemia.
Materials and methods: Blood samples from 500 adult anemic patients were run in Sysmex XP-100
fully automated, 3-part differential hematology analyzer. In all patients, blinded peripheral blood smear
examination by two observers was done. Anemia categorization by peripheral blood smears and
automated red cell data was compared.
Results: The number of patients with normocytic normochromic anemia on automated CBC was 280
and on peripheral smear examination was 269. On automated CBC, 137 patients had microcytic
hypochromic anemia whereas 107 patients had microcytic hypochromic picture on microscopy.
Significantly higher number (p<.05) of patients (76) with microcytic normochromic morphology was
diagnosed on blood smear compared to automated counts (17). When RBC volume and hemoglobin
content were considered together, a Kappa value of. 447 was obtained indicating moderate agreement
between the automated and manual (peripheral blood smear) assessment of anemia.
Conclusion: Patients with most anemia types can be accurately diagnosed by automated CBC analysis.
The peripheral blood smear has limitations in cases with borderline MCVs and mild hypochromia which
may be missed. It, however, still remains the cornerstone in the identification of abnormal RBC
morphology seen in hemolytic anemias.

In the tropical and subtropical area, dengue virus is mostly found. To the determination of the occur-rence of dengue viral infection and hematological profile of dengue infected peoples in the Dhaka city. A sum of 255 samples of blood from both sex and different age groups were collected in this research. Dengue nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and complete blood count (CBC) test were performed for the study. During this study period, total 255 samples were tested. Among these, 67samples were diagnosed as positive. Seroprevalence of dengue was 26.30%. Out of 67 positive dengue patients, 41 (61.2 %) were male and 26 (38.8 %) were female. Dengue infection was observed more in 21 to 30years age group followed by above 40years and 16 to 20years but observed less in of 1st day to 5years followed by 11 -15years, then 6 -10years and 31 - 40years. It was seen that the >40years of age group had the maximum unit of cases having low platelet count followed by 21-30years and it was also seen that 21-30years of age group had the maximum range of cases having low WBC count followed by above 40years of age group. In our research, we showed thrombocytopenia (100000 - 150,000/μl) with leucopenia (White Blood Cells, WBC <5000/μl) in 8(26.6%) cases and thrombocytopenia (100000-150,000/μl) without leucopenia in 9 (24.3%) cases but thrombocytopenia (<100000/μl) with leucopenia (White Blood Cells (WBC) < 5000/μl) in 5(16.7%) cases and thrombocytopenia (<100000/μl) without leucopenia in 6 (16.2%) cases. Among 67 positive cases, we found that (26.6%) had DF and (16.7%) had DHF according to WHO classification. For validating more reliability, this research needs further work.