European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background:Intra-abdominal infections have been treated with various antibiotic regimens. These infections have been treated with single-agent and combination treatments. But no one therapy has been proven superior. The study's main goal is to examine the bacterial patterns in peritoneal fluid from surgical peritonitis patients and assess their antibiotic sensitivity and resistance.
Materials and Methods: It is a cross sectional observation research conducted in January 2020 to May 2021 which was conducted in JSS Hospital Mysuru. Analyzed data was in rates, proportions, and percentages. The sample includes 100 cases of secondary peritonitis caused by hollow viscus perforation, where preoperative peritoneal fluid samples were analysed for bacterial culture and sensitivity.
Results: Out of 100 samples, 50 had bacterial growth. The most common bacteria were E. coli. These were Acinobacter (6%), Candida (4%), Citrobacter (1%), Klebsiella (11%) and Serratia (2%). (4 percent). 77.5 percent of E. coli were sensitive to Ceftriaxone, 75% to Piperacillin-tazobactam, and 99.1 percent to Meropenem. In 40% of cases, E.coli was multidrug resistant. Most Klebsiellapneumoniae were responsive to ceftriaxone, piperacillin-tazobactam, and meropenem. Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, and Meropenem were all sensitive to Proteus mirabilis. 25.2 percent of cases were multidrug resistant bacteria.
Conclusion: The results of this investigation identify the organisms usually isolated from peritoneal fluid, their susceptibility and resistance to broad spectrum antibiotics. It shows the common gramme negative isolates and the current antibiotic resistance concern in these individuals. The most common microorganism found in gastrointestinal perforations is Escherichia coli. In most cases, numerous gramme negative bacilli develop polymicrobially. Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, notably multidrug resistant Escherichia coli, are increasing in number. Third generation cephalosporins are becoming more resistant. In multidrug resistant organisms, Meropenem and Tigecycline seem to be the best options.

Objective: To know about the various pathogens causing infection in orthopaedic implant surgeries and their antibiotic sensitivities.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted jointly in Departments of Orthpaedics and Trauma of Kausar Hospital, Afghan Hospital and Emergency Hospital, Kabul, from April 2019 to April 2020. All patients having close fractures of long bones including humerus, radius/ulna, femur and tibia requiring open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) were included. Patients data was noted on a preformed proforma. Patients were followed up to 6 months.
Results: 30 patients out of 650 developed Surgical site infection were selected. 23 were male and 7 were female patients. Age range was from 5-75 years. Staphyloccus Aureus including Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA was most common cultured organism, followed by E Coli and pseudomonas. 23 cases yielded single organism, 5 cases yielded 2 organisms, 1 case yielded 3 organisms. There was no organism growth in one case.
Conclusion: Staphylococcus Aureus including MRSA is the main cause of surgical site infection in orthopedics implant surgery. Other bacteria like E.Coli may cause surgical site infection. Antibiotics should be prescribed according to culture and sensitivity reports.