Abstract Plants are generally viewed by humans as a source of food and medicine. Citrullus Colocynthis is an ornamental European plant. It belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae and is also called bitter apple and bitter cucumber. This plant is distributed in India and other parts of the world; this extensive research in formation on this species is highly significant for future researchers worldwide. Morphological and biological activity, inputs have been extensively recorded and discussed in this article. Citrullus colocynthis was found to have antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antineoplastic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, profibrinolytic, analgesic, antiallergic, antimicrobial, pesticidal and immunostimulant activity. It also has an effect on the reproductive system and fertility. This review suggests that Citrullus colocynthis has a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity, in which antidiabetic activity is prominent.