Online ISSN: 2515-8260

Phallocentricism And Sexual Politics In Wallace Stevens’ ‘Anecdote On The Jar’

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Harikumar Pallathadka

Abstract

1. INTRODUCATION Wallace Stevens was a well-known American modernist poet who lived from 1879 to 1955. His poetry needs entire focus and attention in order to capture the elusive message. His poems' abstractness stems from his desire to demonstrate the interplay between reality and imagination, as well as his use of imagination to interpret reality. His poetry is linguistic, metaphysical, and existential abstractions. Because of this prevalent perception of Stevens poetry, critics such as Stanley Burnshaw and Marjorie Perloff have concluded that Stevens poetry is socially unimportant, careless, and irresponsible. Stevens, according to Borgan, who wrote: "Stevens and Similies: A Theory of Language," was a poet "who was, in reality, highly attuned to his times and matured fast throughout World War ll into one of the most compelling and ethical poets of the twentieth century". Stevens, she claims in her book, had a political, social, and ethical commitment. Stevens' poems, on the other hand, were rarely analyzed or commented on because of their concern for gender relations. Sexuality and gender issues are frequently overlooked and ignored in Stevens' poetry. The anecdote on the Jar' is a poem in Stevens' first poetry collection titled Harmonium. The poem could be better understood if the gender aspect it reveals is grasped. The poem figuratively describes various themes related to a man-woman relationship like gender politics, gender parity, gender bias, and other gender-related issues. The attitude of the jar is at once a sexual and a quintessentially male exploit. The sexual context is though metaphorical, is quite evident and ubiquitous throughout the poem. The anecdote is built around a jar that represents the phallus. A jar is an upright cylindrical structure connotative of the phallus, a celebrated and venerated male genital organ, especially in its erect form representing for aspect, power, superiority, and authority. It has its own significant position in various cults, religions, and cultures across the globe, from the distant past to the immediate use present. The phallus is also worshipped as a divine, mysterious lifegiving force, a procreative tool, a seed producer and planter, an executive of the divine will of regeneration. In addition to its procreative and productive significance, it also signifies the power to maintain the world and sustain culture. It is symbolized in the arrow, the spear, the plough the lightning bolt. It is a totem carrying spiritual significance. Phallicism, or Phallism, the worship of an erect penis, was prevalent in various cultures across the globe. The Priapus worship, Orphic and Dionysian cults, the Cybele and the Attic cult of Romans and Greeks, the Shiva lingam of the Indian subcontinent, Osiris worship of the Egyptians, the Shinto of the Japanese, the Mandan of the native Americans are evidence of the existence of phallicism in almost all the prominent early civilizations. It has also found its way into some Christian sects in the form of the Holy Prepuce, the foreskin of Jesus Christ, which is believed to possess the power of making the barren women fruitful. The female genitalia has not found an equally significant position in any of the ancient cultures. Though ‘yoni’ (female genitalia) is a part of the lingam worship, it is commonly referred to as Shiva Lingam.

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