ABSTRACT Introduction: Kidneys are one of the major organs of the human body that serve several essential functions. Kidneys are affected by various nonneoplastic and neoplastic pathological processes. Nephrectomy is a surgical procedure done for wide variety of conditions like chronic pyelonephritis, calculi, malignancy, injury etc. Aim: To study the histomorphological pattern of various kidney lesions in nephrectomy specimens received in the department of pathology in our institute. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in department of pathology in TSM medical college Lucknow from March 2018 to April 2020. A total of 45 nephrectomy specimens received during the period were included in the study. Paraffin blocks and slides along with case records were retrieved and studied. Results: Out of 45cases, 34 cases (75.5%) were benign and 11 cases (24.5) were malignant. Age ranged from 3 years to 75 years. Maximum number of cases was seen in 51-60 years of age (22%). Majority of cases were of chronic pyelonephritis (31%). Renal cell carcinoma constituted 8 cases (17.8%). Commonest variant was clear cell carcinoma. Wilms tumour was the commonest renal tumour in children. Conclusion: Benign lesions of kidney outnumber the malignant lesions. Chronic pyelonephritis was the most common histopathological diagnosis. Renal Cell Carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion in adults. Clear cell variant was the commonest. Wilms tumor was the commonest renal tumor in children.