To study the hypothesized association between the presence of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens and the incidence of spina bifida with myelomeningocele in children Material methods: This study included an analysis of the data obtained from patients exhibiting spina bifida with myelomeningocele in-patients at Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, between 2019 and 2020. Caste, Food source, Habitat, Age, sex, delivery method, physical and neurological examination findings, and ABO blood type of every patient were documented. Blood group data is distributed among the study patients associated with healthy individuals in the same region. Results: A more significant proportion of patients with blood group B and AB exhibited MMC Patients showed a higher casual of developing myelomeningocele. Rh-positive blood group was associated with a high incidence of myelomeningocele (91.2%), whereas only a small proportion of patients with MMC had Rh-negative blood group (8.8). Rh-positive blood group was also found to be more frequent in patients with myelomeningocele with hydrocephalus and anencephaly. Conclusion: This study's conclusions show that ABO and Rh blood groups affect the increase of myelomeningocele beneath the influence of environmental or genetic factors.